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The photodegradation of wood during solar irradiation

Part I: Effects on the structural integrity of thin wood strips

Der photolytische Abbau von Holz unter Sonnenlichstrahlung

Teil 1: Einflüsse auf das Gesamtgefüge von dünnen Holzstäben

  • Forschung und Praxis
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Abstract

The photodegradation of wood is essentially a surface phenomenon, and although in practical terms it has no effect on strength properties, it does have serious consequences for the surface technologist. A principal concern is photodegradation of the timber surface underlying clear and lightly-pigmented finishes—a problem which can lead to early failure of the coating and to expensive remedial measures. Recent thinking is directed towards the development of pretreatments which could stabilise the timber surface against photodegradation. However, in the absence of detailed investigations on the wood-degrading capabilities of different regions of the solar spectrum such developments have so far been restricted. In this paper, thin strips of Scots pine and lime were irradiated behind filters which transmitted selected regions of the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. Tensile tests on irradiated strips show that ultraviolet light is highly active in degrading wood, but indicate that the visible part of the spectrum also contributes significantly to loss of strength. Throughout the exposure period, samples were taken for SEM observation. The loss of strip strength is associated with a light-induced depolymerisation of lignin and cell wall constituents, and to the subsequent breakdown of the wood microstructure.

Zusammenfassung

Die Photolyse von Holz ist hauptsächlich ein Oberflächenphänomen und sie hat, obwohl ohne direkten Einfluß auf die Festigkeit, wichtige Auswirkungen auf die Oberflächen-Technologie. Ein wichtiger Gesichtspunkt ist hierbei die Photolyse von Holzoberflächen unter transparentem, schwach pigmentiertem Finish, ein Problem, das zu frühzeitigem Versagen der Beschichtung und teuren Instandsetzungsarbeiten fürhren kann. Neuere Bemühungen richten sich auf die Entwicklung von Vorbehandlungen zur Stabilisierung der Holzoberfläche gegen Photolyse. Derartige Bestrebungen wurden bislang dadurch erschwert, als detaillierte Untersuchungen über diejenigen Anteile des Sonnenlichts, die den photolytischen Abbau des Holzes bewirken, nicht vorlagen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden dünne Stäbe aus Kiefer und Linde durch Filter bestrahlt, welche bestimmte Anteile aus dem ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich abtrennten. Zugbelastungsprüfungen mit bestrahlten Proben zeigen, daß ultraviolettes Licht in hohem Maße abbauend wirkt, daß aber auch der sichtbare Lichtanteil erheblich zum Festigkeitsverlust beiträgt. Während der gesamten Expositionsdauer wurden die proben durch REM beobachtet. Der Festigkeitsverlust der Proben war stets mit einer durch die Lichteinstrahlung bedingten Depolymerisierung des Lignins, des Zellwandbestandteile und dem anschließenden Zusammenbruch der Mikrostruktur verbunden.

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The authors wish to thank Dr. F. J. Clark of the National Physical Laboratory for providing transmission data on the filters, and Dr. J. Gascoigne of the Cross and Bevan Laboratories for the determinations of cellulose viscosity. They are grateful to Dr. A. Davis of the Explosives Research and Development Establishment for helpful discussions

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Derbyshire, H., Miller, E.R. The photodegradation of wood during solar irradiation. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 39, 341–350 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02608404

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