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Chirurgische Behandlung von Lungenmetastasen

Surgical treatment of lung metastases

  • Themenschwerpunkt: Onkologische Thoraxchirurgie
  • Published:
Acta Chirurgica Austriaca Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Grundlagen

Die chirurgische Entfernung von Lungenmetastasen ist seit mehreren Jahrzehnten etablierter Bestandteil des therapeutischen Konzepts und ist mit einer etwa 30% igen mittleren 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate assoziiert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die aktualisierten Ergebnisse mit der chirurgischen Behandlung von Lungenmetastasen an unserer klinischen Abteilung zu präsentieren und die heutige Rolle der Chirurgie in der Behandlung dieser Erkrankung anhand der verfügbaren Literatur kritisch zu beleuchen.

Methodik

Im Zeitraum 1989 bis 1994 wurden an unserer Abteilung insgesamt 392 thoraxchirurgische Eingriffe zur Entfernung von Lungenmetastasen durchgeführt. In 64% der Fälle handelte es sich bei dem Primärtumor um ein Karzinom (38% kolorektales Karzinom, 32% Mammakarzinom, 30% Hypernephrom). In 27% war ein Sarkom und in 9% ein Melanom der Ausgangspunkt des metastatischen Geschehens. Als operativer Zugang der Wahl wurde bis 1992 in 2 Drittel der Fälle die laterale Thorakotomie gewählt, seit 1992 wurden mehr als die Hälfte der Eingriffe über die mediane Sternotomie durchgeführt. Bei 48 Patienten erfolgte die Metastasenresektion mittels videothorakoskopischer Techniken. Pro Eingriff wurden 1 bis 8 Metastasen reseziert (Mittel=1,75), in 84,5% war mittels atypischer Segmentresektion eine komplette Resektion gewährleistet, bei 13,5% war eine Lobektomie, bei 2% eine Pneumonektomie erforderlich.

Ergebnisse

Die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach makroskopisch und histologisch komplett operierten Lungenmetastasen aller histologischen Typen betrug 34%. Nach Karzinomen war die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate 41%, nach Sarkomen 30%, die 3-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Melanomen war 9%. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Osteosarkom war mit 36% signifikant besser, als nach Weichteilsarkom (23%). Innerhalb der Karzinomgruppe zeigte sich eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate vom rezidivfreien Intervall nach Operation des Primärtumors. Unabhängig vom histologischen Typ war die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate hauptsächlich von der Tatsache bestimmt, ob bei der Metastasenresektion eine makroskopische und histologische Tumorfreiheit erzielt werden konnte.

Schlußfolgerungen

Von primärer prognostischer Bedeutung für das Langzeitüberleben nach Resektion von Lungenmetastasen ist die Qualität der Resektion (chirurgisch und histologisch komplette Entfernung der Metastasen). Der histologische Typ des Primärtumors, das tumorfreie Intervall nach Operation des Primärtumors und die Anzahl der Lungenmetastasen beeinflussen zusätzlich den Verlauf der Erkrankung.

Summary

Background

Metastasectomy in the treatment of solitary metastases of the lungs has been established part of an oncological concept over the past decades. The 5-year survival after metastasectomy of the lung is around 30%, which is comparable to the prognosis after operation for bronchial carcinoma. Aim of this study was to present our experience with pulmonary metastasectomy and to define the role of such treatment in a modern oncological concept together with a review of the literature.

Methods

Between 1989 and 1994 a total of 392 surgical procedures for pulmonary metastases have been performed at our department. In 64% of the cases the primary tumor was a carcinoma (38% colorectal carcinoma, 32% carcinoma of the breast, 30% hypernephroma). In 27% a sarcoma and in 9% a melanoma was the origin of the metastatic disease. Before 1992 two thirds of the operations were performed using lateral thoracotomy, from that year we prefer median sternotomy for pulmonary metastasectomy. In 48 patients metastases have been resected by means of video-thoracoscopy. A mean of 1.75 lesions (1 to 8) were resected during each procedure using segmental resections in 84.5%, lobectomy in 13.5% and pneumonectomy in 2% of the operations.

Results

The 5-year survival after macroscopically and histologically complete resection of lung metastases of all histological subgroups was 34%. An actuarial 5 year survival rate of 41% was observed for carcinoma and 30% for sarcoma, 9% of the patients suffering from lung-metastases after melanoma survived 3 years. The actuarial postthoracotomy survival in patients with osteogenic sarcomas was 36% at 5 years, and 23% at 5 years in softtissue sarcomas. Significant correlation was found between the 5-year survival rate and the tumor-free interval after operation of a primary carcinoma. The most important predictor of post-thoracotomy survival undependently of the histology of the primary tumor has been the ability to render the patient disease-free.

Conclusions

The main predictor of long-term survival after resection of lungmetastases is the quality of resection (surgical and histological complete resection). The histological type of the primary tumor the disease-free interval and the number of pulmonary lesions further influence the post-thoracotomy survival.

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Müller, M.R., Stangl, P., Salat, A. et al. Chirurgische Behandlung von Lungenmetastasen. Acta Chir Austriaca 28, 86–90 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602609

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