Summary
In this paper a volcanic eruption is described as a unidimensional flow of a fluid with variable density. This fluid is a mixture of water-saturated magma and vapour in a separated gaseous phase.
The equation of motion is based on simple physical hypotheses and is numerically solved for the corresponding significant values of the parameters which are taken into account. Furthermore the motion of entrained particles and blocks is studied.
The accuracy of the model is then verified by comparison with a particular eruption: a good agreement between calculated and observed values of the ejection velocity is found.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rittmann, A., 1962,On the Mechanism of Persistent Volcanic Activity. Bull. Vulcanol.,24, p. 301–303.
Kennedy, G. C., 1955,Aspects of the Role of Water Melts. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,62, p. 489–504.
Verhoogen, J., 1951,Mechanism of Ash Formation. Am. Jour. Sci.,249, p. 729–939.
Hardee, H. C. andLarson, 1977,The Extraction of Heat from Magma Based on Heat Transfer Mechanism. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res.,2, p. 113–144.
Sparks, R. S. J., 1978,The Dynamics of Bubble Formation and Growth in Magmas: a Review and Analysis. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res.,3, p. 1–37.
Blackburn, E. A., Wilson, L., Sparks, 1976,Mechanism and Dynamics of Strombolian Activity. J. Geol. Soc. London,132, p. 429–440.
McGetchin, T. R. andUllrich, G. W., 1973,Xenoliths in Maars and Diatremes with Inferences for the Mon, Mars, and Venus. J. Geophys. Res.,78, p. 1833–1853.
Pai, S. I. andHsu, 1977,Similarity Laws of Lunar and Verrestrial Volcanic Flows. L’Aeronautica Missili e Spazio. June, 1977, Ed.
Kennedy, G. C. andHolser, W. T., 1966,Pressure-Volume-Temperature and Phase Relations of Water and carbon Dioxide. In:Handbook of Physical Constants, (ed. S. P.Clark Jr.), sect. 16, p. 371–383.
Grassmann, P., 1971,Physical Principles of Chemical Engineering. Pergaman Press, 664 pp.
Steinberg, G. S. andBabenko, J. I., 1978,Experimental Velocity and Density Determination of Volcanic Gases during Eruptions. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res.,3, p. 89–98.
Lockart, R. W. andMartinelli, R. C., 1949, Chem. Engng. Progr.,45, p. 39–48.
Wilson, L., Sparks, R. S. J., andWalker, G. P. L., 1980,Explosive Volcanic Eruptions. — IV. The Control of Magma Properties and Conduit Geometry on Eruption Column Behaviour. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc.,63, p. 117–148.
Wilson, L. andHead, J. W., 1981,Ascent and Eruption of Basaltic Magma on the Earth and Moon. J Geophys. Res.,86, p. 2971–3001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper was produced as part of the programme of the « Geodymamics » Project (Italy).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alberti, E., Belli, G. & Pellucchi, G. Open vent eruptive activity: Outward flow of gases and ejection of blocks in a steady state. Bull Volcanol 44, 641–653 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597088
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597088