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Some geological data on the geothermal areas of Tuscany

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Resumée

On signale pour la première fois de nombreux cratères d’explosion phréatique dans la région géothermique de Larderello. Une de ces explosions s’est produite en 1282; on rapporte la description d’un chroniquer de l’époque, probablement la première connue de ce phénomène. On discute les causes de ces explosions.

La tectonique des régions géothermiques de la Toscane est expliquée en utilisant le modele de l’intrusion d’un petit « stock » granitique, avec formation d’un graben au sommet et d’une structure morcelée à l’interieur de la zone surbaissée.

On donne ensuite une brève description des mineraux secondaires trouvés dans les differentes formations géologiques de la région de Larderello. Le cadre qui en résulte permet d’affirmer qu’à l’origine le réservoir de Larderello contenait de l’eau et non de la vapeur.

Abstract

Phreatic explosion craters are described for the Larderello geothermal region for the first time. A phreatic explosion occurred in the year 1282. The description given by a contemporary chronicler, probably the first written description of such a phenomenon, is reported. The causes of these explosions are discussed.

The tectonic features of the Tuscany geothermal fields are explained on the basis of a dislocation pattern related to the intrusion of a small granitic stock, producing a summit graben and a block-faulted structure in the central downthrown zone.

The secondary minerals found in the geological formations outcropping in the Larderello region are briefly described. On the basis of these data it is concluded that the Larderello reservoir contains water and no steam.

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Marinelli, G. Some geological data on the geothermal areas of Tuscany. Bull Volcanol 33, 319–333 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596726

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