Abstract
Three petrographic provinces can be recognized in the Cenozoic volcanic fields of Japan and surrounding areas. A province of a tholeiite series lies on the Pacific side of the Japanese Islands and includes the Izu Islands, whereas that of an alkali rock series occupies the Japan Sea side of the Islands with a narrow offshoot extending across central HonsyΕ« (HonshΕ«) and a continuation westward to Korea and Manchuria. A province of a calc-alkali rock series is superposed on the two provinces and occupies the greater part of the Japanese Islands exclusive of the Izu Islands and the islands in the Japan Sea southwest of HonsyΕ« and north of KyΕ«syΕ« (KyΕ«shΕ«). The boundary lines between the tholeiite and alkali provinces are located very closely to those between the areas where earthquakes occur at depths shallower than about 200 km and those for deeper ones. It is suggested that the parental tholeiite magma is produced by partial melting of the periodotite layer at depths shallower than 200 km. In the Izu Islands, except Nii-zima(Nii-jima) and KΕzu-sima(KΕzu-shima) close to HonsyΕ«, the magma erupts to the surface without assimilating granitic material because the granitic layer is absent, resulting in volcanoes made up exclusively of the tholeiite series. The parental alkali olivine basalt magma is produced by partial melting of the peridotite layer at depths greater than 200 km. In the Japan Sea region, Korea, and Manchuria, it erupts to the surface without assimilating the granitic material, although it passes through a thick granitic layer, resulting in volcanoes made up exclusively of the alkali series. However, in the Cenozoic orogenic belt of the Japanese Islands, both types of parental magma assimilate granitic material during passage to the surface and erupt to form volcanoes of the calc-alkali series.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aki, K., 1954:Thermal processes near the earthβs crust. Zisin, ser. 2, 7, 65β76 (in Japanese).
Bailey, E. B. and others, 1924:Tertiary and post-Tertiary geology of Mull, Loch Alin, and Oban. Mem. Geol. Surv. Scotland, 13β33.
Bandy, M. C., 1937:Geology and petrology of Easter Island. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 48, 1589β1609.
Barth, T. F. W., 1942:Lavas of Gough Island. Sci. Result of Norwegian Ant. Exp. 1927β28, No. 20, Det. Norske Vid.-Akad. i Oslo, 3β19.
Barth, T. F. W. andHolmsen, P., 1939:Rocks from the Antarctandes and the Southern Antilles. Sci. Result of Norwegian Ant. Exp. 1927β1928, No. 18, Det. Norske Vid.-Akad. i Oslo, 7β64.
Dietz, R. S., 1954:Marine geology of northwestern Pacific: Description of Japanese bathymetric chart 6901. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 65, 1199β1224.
Henderson, J. andGrange, L. I., 1926:The geology of the Hantly-Kawhia Subdivision, Paroigia and Hauraki Divisions. N. Z. Geol. Surv. Bull. 28 (new series).
Holmus, A., 1921:Petrographic methods and calculations, Part III. Thomas Marby and Co., 452β454.
Hotz, P. E., 1953:Petrology of granophyre in diabase near Dillsburg, Pennsylvania. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 64, 675β704.
Katsui, Y., 1953:Petro-chemical study on the lavas from Volcano Rishiri, Hokkaido. Japan Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., ser. IV, Geol. Miner., 8, No. 3, 245β258.
βββββ 1954:Chemical compositions of lavas of TyΕkai volcanic zone. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 60, 185β191 (in Japanese).
βββββ 1955:Geology and petrology of the Volcano MashΕ«, Hokkaido, Japan. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 61, 481β495 (in Japanese).
Kennedy, W. Q., 1933:Trends of differentiation in basaltic magmas. Am. Jour. Sci., 25, 31β47.
Koto, B., 1916:On the volcanoes of Japan. Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo. 23, 1β13, 17β28, 29β55, 77β94, 95β127.
KΕzu, S., 1911:Preliminary notes on some igneous rocks of Japan. Jour. Geol., 19, 555β560, 566β575.
βββββ 1912:Preliminary notes on some igneous rocks of Japan. Jour. Geol., 20, 656β665.
βββββ 1913:Preliminary notes on some igucous rocks of Japan. Jour. Geol., 21, 62β67.
Kuno, H., 1950:Petrology of Hakone Volcano and adjacent areas, Japan. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 61, 957β1020.
βββββ 1952:Cenozoic volcanic activity in Japan and surrounding areas. Tr. New York Acad. Sci., 14, 225β231.
βββββ 1953a:Formation of calderas and magmatic evolution. Tr. Am. Geoph. Union, 34, 267β280.
βββββ 1953b:Plateau basalt lavas of East Manchuria. Proc. 7th Pacific Sci. Cong., New Zealand, 2, 375β382.
----- 1953c:Volcanoes and volcanic rocks. Iwanami-Zensyo, 180β181 (in Japanese).
βββββ 1954:Geology and petrology of Εmuro-yama Volcano Group, Izu Peninsula. Jour. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo. Sect. II, 9, 241β265.
Kuno, H., Yamasaki, K., Iida, C., andNagashima, K., 1957:Differentiation of Hawaiian magmas. Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., (in press).
Macdonald, G. A., 1949:Hawaiian petrographic province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 60, 1541β1596.
βββββ 1956:The structure of Hawaiian volcanoes. Verh. Konin. Neder. Geol. Mijn. Geno., 16, 1β22.
Matuzawa, T., 1953:Feldtheorie der Erdbeben. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., 31, 179β201.
βββββ 1954:Feldtheorie der Erdbeben: NΓ€heres ΓΌber das Quellengebiet. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., 32, 341β347.
Ogura, T., Matsuda, K., Nakagawa, T., Matsumoto, M. andMurata, K., 1936:Volcanoes of the Wu-ta-lien-chih district, Lung-chiang Province, Manchuria. Survey Rep. of Volcanoes of Manchuria, Ryojun Coll. Engineering, No. 1, 1β96 (in Japanese).
Ogura, T. andMatsumoto, M., 1938:Erh-ko-shan Volcano, Lungchiang Province, Manchuria. Survey Rep. of Volcanoes of Manchuria, Ryojun Coll. Engineering, No. 2, 1β21 (in Japanese).
Ogura, T., Sawatari, M. andMurayama, K., 1939:Chi-hsing-shan Volcano, Feng-tien and South Hsing-an Provinces, Manchuria. Survey Rep. of Volcanoes of Manchuria, Ryojun Coll. of Engineering, No. 3, 1β44 (in Japanese).
Peacock, M. A., 1931:Classification of igneous rock series. Jour. Geol., 39, 54β67.
Poldervaart, A., 1944:The petrology of the Elephantβs Head dike and the New Amalfi sheet (Matatiele). Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Africa, 30, 85β119.
Tamaki, I., 1955:The crustal structure of Japan derived from observed travel time curves of shallow earthquakes. Zisin, ser. 2. 7. 1β7 (in Japanese).
Taneda, S., 1951:Studies on the volcanoes in Japan - The chemical compositions of the lavas (1). Rep. Fac. Sci., KyΕ«syΕ« Univ., Geology, 3, No. 2, 55β75 (in Japanese).
Tilley, C. E., 1950:Some aspects of magmatic evolution. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., 106, 37β61.
Tomita, T., 1935:On the chemical composition of the Cenozoic alkaline suite of the Circum-Japan Sea region. Jour. Shanghai Sci. Inst., sect. II, 1, 227β306.
Tsuboi, C., 1954:Gravity survey along the lines of precise levels throughout Japan by means of a Wordon gravimeter, a chart attached to Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., 4, Suppl.
Tsuya, H., 1937:On the volcanism of the Huzi Volcanic Zone, with special reference to the geology and petrology of Idu and the Southern Islands. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., 15, 215β357.
βββββ 1938:Volcanoes of Nii-zima, Seven Izu Islands. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., 16, 171β200 (in Japanese).
Wadati, K. andIwai, Y., 1954:The minute investigation of seismicity in Japan. Geoph. Mag., 25, 167β173.
Wager, L. R. andDeer, W. A., 1939:Geological investigations in East Greenland. Petrology of the Skaergaard intrusion, Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland. Med. om GrΓΈnland, 105, No. 4, 1β352.
Walker, F., 1940:Differentiation of the Palisade diabase, New Jersey. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 51, 1059β1106.
Walker, F. andNicolaysen, L. O., 1954:The petrography of Mauritius. Colonial Geol. Miner. Res., 4, 3β43.
Walker, F. andPoldervaart, A., 1949:Karroo dolerites of the Union of South Africa. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 60, 591β706.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kuno, H. Origin of cenozoic petrographic provinces of Japan and surrounding areas. Bull Volcanol 20, 37β76 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596571
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596571