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Salient engineering geological aspects of deccan traps in Western India

Principales caractéristiques géotechniques des trapps du deccan dans l'Ouest de l'Inde

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Abstract

Deccan volcanics cover vast areas of the subcontinent in parts of Central and Western India. These volcanics exhibit considerable variations in their overall charaterictics and mineralogy, which influence their engineering geological behaviour. Presently the Decan volcanics are being thoroughly investigated for their mass characteristic properties. The massive basalt flows are identified as belonging to Pahoehoe and Aa types. In the western margin of the Trap region trachytes, pyroclastic beds intertrappean sedimentaries and bole layers are interbedded with the flows, besides numerous intrusive dykes. Soil profiles of varying thicknesses have developed in different parts. At many places, the surficial deposits include bauxites, laterites, alluvium and recent deposits.

These flows in their geological field setting have been investigated for their engineering geological properties in and around Bombay covering an area of about 1000 sq. km. Attention has been paid to weak rocks such as tuffs and bole materials. Seismicity has been observed in the Deccan Trap region particularly in Koyna and its neighbourhood. The local seismicity, natural or induced, influence existing and planned construction. These are being evaluated in terms of major planes of weakness and discontinuities and tectonics of the Deccan volcanic region. This paper discusses the engineering geological and structural aspects of the Deccan volcanics.

Résumé

Les formations volcaniques couvrent de vastes surfaces dans le Centre et l'Ouest de l'Inde. Elles présentent des caractéristiques globales très variables, qui influencent naturellement leur comportement géotechnique. Des études détaillées sont actuellement en cours sur ces formations. Les coulées massives de basalte sont rattachées aux types Pahoehoe et Aa. Sur la bordure occidentale, on trouve des trachytes, des niveaux pyroclastiques, des dépôts sédimentaires et des lits d'argiles ferrugineuses interstratifiés dans les coulées qui sont en outre recoupées par de nombreux dykes intrusifs. Des sols d'épaisseurs variables se sont développés sur ces formations. Dans de multiples endroits, on trouve parmi les dépöts superficiels des bauxites, des latérites, des alluvions et des dépôts récents.

Les coulées ont été plus particulièrement étudiées dans la région de Bombay, sur une surface d'environ 1 000 kilométres carrés. L'étude a plus particulièrement porté sur les roches tendres telles que les tufs volcaniques et les matériaux argileux. La seismicité a été étudiée, plus spécialement dans la région de Koyna. La seismicité locale, naturelle ou induite, est prise en compte dans les projets. Elle est évaluée en terme de plans de faiblesse et de discontinuités.

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Parthasarathy, A., Shah, S.D. & Joshi, A.N. Salient engineering geological aspects of deccan traps in Western India. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 31, 105–109 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02594753

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