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Significance of hyperlactatemia in acute hypnotic drug poisoning

Die Bedeutung einer Hyperlaktatämie bei Schlafmittelvergiftungen

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Summary

Lactate concentration, fibrinogen and fibrin(ogen) — degredation-products in central venous blood were analysed in 35 unconscious patients with acute hypnotic drug poisoning (HDP) and compared with the results in 13 healthy control persons undergoing the same degree of forced diuresis via central venous catheters. Blood samples were taken on admission and at 12 h intervals up to 36 h after admission. Patients with HDP were attributed to the categories of moderate intoxications (n=17) and severe intoxications (n=18) according to their clinical condition. On admission, blood lactate was significantly higher in severe intoxication (3.90±2.94 mmol/l) as compared to the control group (1.25±0.17 mmol/l). Blood lactate was less elevated in moderate poisoning (2.74±1.22 mmol/l). Thirty-six hours after admission blood lactate was completely normalised in patients with moderate intoxication (1.19±0.69 mmol/l) but still significantly elevated in severely poisoned patients (2.26±1.48 mmol/l). Lactate concentration was above normal in 15 out of 17 patients with moderate and in 17 out of 18 patients with severe poisoning. A statistically significant linear correlation existed between the duration of unconsciousness and the maximal lactate concentration within 12 hrs after admission. For fibrinogen concentrations statistically significant differences were observed neither between groups nor across time. Titers of FDP were elevated in 9 out of 11 patients with moderate and to a higher degree in all patients with severe poisoning, indicating low rate DIC.

Hyperlactatemia is a frequent finding in acute hypnotic drug poisoning. Blood lactate estimations may improve the evaluation of the severity of poisoning and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 35 Patienten mit Bewußlosigkeit infolge akuter exogener Intoxikationen durch Arzneimittel wurden die Konzentrationen von Lactat und Fibrinogen sowie die Fibrin(ogen)-Spaltprodukttiter im zentralvenösen Blut gemessen und mit den Ergebnissen bei 13 gesunden Kontrollpersonen, die in gleicher Weise einer forcierten Diurese über zentrale Venenkatheter unterzogen wurden, verglichen. Blutproben wurden nach der Aufnahme und dann in 12stündlichen Abständen bis 36 h nach Klinikaufnahme entnommen. Die intoxikierten Patienten wurden nach dem klinischen Aufnahmebefund in mittelschwere Vergiftungen (n=17) und schwere Vergiftungen (n=18) gegliedert. Bei der Aufnahme war der mittlere Blutlactatspiegel bei den Patienten mit schweren Vergiftungen (3,90±2,94 mmol/l) signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe (1,25±0,17 mmol/l). Der Blutlactatspiegel war bei den Patienten mit mittelgradiger Vergiftung geringgradig erhöht (2,74±1,22 mmol/l) und lag ebenfalls signifikant über den Kontrollwerten. 36 Stunden nach Aufnahme waren die Lactatspiegel bei Patienten mit mittelschweren Vergiftungen völlig normalisiert (1,19±0,69 mmol/l), bei den Patienten mit schweren Vergiftungen jedoch noch signifikant erhöht (2,26±1,48 mmol/l). Im einzelnen fand sich eine Hyperlactatämie bei 15 von 17 Patienten mit mittelgradigen und bei 17 von 18 Patienten mit schweren Vergiftungen. Es bestand eine statistisch signifikante lineare Korrelation zwischen der Dauer der Bewußlosigkeit und den maximalen Lactatkonzentrationen innerhalb 12 Stunden nach Aufnahme. Die mittleren Fibrinogenspiegel zeigten keine signifkanten Unterschiede im Zeitverlauf oder zwischen den Gruppen. Die Titer der Fibrinogen-Spaltprodukte waren bei 9 von 11 Patienten mit mittelschweren Vergiftungen mäßig und bei allen Patienten mit schweren Vergiftungen deutlich gesteigert, was den Hinweis auf eine ablaufende Verbrauchskoagulopathie gibt. Durch Bestimmung des Blutlactates im Verlauf können die Schweregradeinteilung von Patienten mit Vergiftungen verbessert und die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Therapieverfahren auf die Dauer der Bewußtlosigkeit objektiv verglichen werden.

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. P. Schölmerich on the occasion of his 65th birthday

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Schuster, H.P., Kapp, S., Prellwitz, W. et al. Significance of hyperlactatemia in acute hypnotic drug poisoning. Klin Wochenschr 59, 599–605 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02593849

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