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Engineering geology mapping of depositional environments in the lower mississippi alluvial valley

Cartographie geotechnique des conditions de depots dans la vallee alluviale du mississippi inferieur

  • IAEG Symposium “Engineering Geological Mapping for Planning, Design and Construction in Civil Engineering”, Newcastle Upon Tyne, 3–6 September 1979
  • Theme 6 Engineering Geomorphological Mapping
  • Published:
Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Floodplains are highly utilized for agriculture, industry, and urban centers with the rivers serving as water transportation routes. Because of these activities, sites for structures must be selected, channels maintained for navigation, and the area must be protected from flooding. Alluvial depositional environments are valuable indicators of natural conditions that can assist the engineer for project planning, design, and construction in floodplains. Principal depositional environments (exclusive of deltas) are meander belts (natural levees, abandoned channels, abandoned courses, and point bar deposits), backswamp, and braided stream deposits. Each depositional environment or feature has predictable characteristics that can be related to its behaviour as engineering materials. These features are readily recognizable and can be mapped from their unique patterns formed on the land surface. The value of identifying these features has been proven by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers where major drainage basins in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley have been mapped at a scale of 1∶62,500. These maps have applied to engineering problems concerned with erodibility of river banks, areas most susceptible to underseepage, foundation conditions, suitable sources of borrow material for levee construction, and others.

Résumé

Les plaines d'inondation sont très utilisées pour l'agriculture, l'industrie et les centres urbains, les rivières servant de voies de transport. Pour ces activités, on est conduit à choisir les sites constructibles, conserver des voies navigables et les sites doivent étre protégés des inondations. L'environnement des dépôts alluviaux est un indicateur des conditions naturelles qui peut valablement aider l'ingénieur à planifier, projeter ou construire en plaine d'inondation. Les principaux environnements sédimentologiques (à l'exception des deltas) sont les ceintures de méandres (levées naturelles, chenaux et cours abandonnés, dépôts de barre de méandre), les marécages et les dépôts de courant entrecroisés. Chaque environnement ou forme de dépôt a des caractéristiques prévisibles qu'on peut relier à un comportement en tant que matériau à mettre en ceuvre. Les formes sont aisément reconnaissables et peuvent être cartographiées à partir des configurations singulières qu'ils ont en surface. La valeur de l'identification de ces formes a été prouvée par l'U. S. Army Corps of Engineers où les principaux basins versants de la vallée alluviale du Mississippi inférieur ont été cartographiés à l'échelle du 1/62.500. Ces cartes ont eu des applications dans divers problèmes géotechniques concernant l'érodabilité des berges, les zones les plus perméables (problèmes d'infiltrations de fuites), les conditions de fondation, les zones d'emprunts de matériaux pour des constructions de digues, etc ...

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References

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Shamburger, J.H. Engineering geology mapping of depositional environments in the lower mississippi alluvial valley. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 21, 194–199 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02591561

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