Summary
The classification, incidence, and pathogenesis of diverticula of the appendix are discussed. Review of the literature reveals 1,373 instances of appendiceal diverticula. Forty-three were “true” or congenital diverticula, and 1,330 were “false” or acquired diverticula. Twenty-four additional cases from the University of Michigan Medical Center are described.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altemeier WA: Diverticulitis of the vermiform appendix. Am J Surg 70:258, 1945
Arce J: Un caso de diverticulo del apendice (casuistica). Bol Inst Clin Quir 3:940, 1927
Archambault L, Trepanier A: Diverticulose appendiculaire: Présentation d'un cas. Union Med Can 83:273, 1954
Arnold R: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Divertikel des Wurmfortsatzes, Munch Med Wochenschr 75:344, 1928
Aschoff H: Spezille pathologische anatomie. Verlag, Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1913, band 2, 824 pp
Ayres JD: Dois casos de diverticulo em apêndice. An Paul Med Cir 52:159, 1946
Bachlechner K: Stielgedrehtes, angeborenes Divertikel des Wurmfortsatzes. Zentralbl Chir 51:2753, 1924
Barmbichler O: Multiple divertikeltingung in processus vermiformis. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde in der gesamten Medizin, verfasst und einer Hohen Medizinischen Fakultat der Kgl. Bayr. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat zu Munchen, Munchen, 1908, 33 pp
Beer E: Some pathological and clinical aspects of acquired (false) diverticula of the intestine. Am J Med Sci 128:135, 1904
Benchimol B, Ribeiro V: Diverticulo do apendice vermiforme. Rev Med Cir Brasil 45:196, 1937
Berard L, Vignard P: Diverticules et kystes de l'appendice. Province Med 14:157, 1913
Bianchi F: Una forma non comune di diverticolosi dell'appendice: Diverticoli veri su prubabile base congenita. Arch De Vecchi Anat Patol 23:1133, 1955
Bockus H: Gastro-enterology. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1944, volume 2, p 896
Bott-Micca A: Contributo allo studio dei diverticoli appendicolari. Policlinico [Prat] 39: 453, 1932
Bowers WF: Appendicitis, with especial reference to pathogenesis, bacteriology and healing. Arch Surg 39:362, 1939
Braunstein L: Diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix: Review and case report. J Abdominal Surg 4:136, 1962
vonn Brunn M: Uber Divertikelbildung bei Appendicitis. Beitr Klin Chir 46:67, 1905
vonn Brunn M: Uber Divertikelbildung bei Appendicitis. Zentralbl Chir 32:847, 1905
Brütt H: Divertikelbildung am Wurmfortsatz. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 43:703, 1917
Buirge RE, Dennis C, Varco RL, et al: Histology of experimental appendical obstruction (rabbit, ape and man). Arch Pathol 30:481, 1940
Cameron HC: Appendix showing cystic dilatation and stricture. Glasgow Med J 60:423, 1903
Carinci P: I diverticoli dell'appendice veriforme: Contibuto casistico. Arch Ital Mal App Dig 23:186, 1957
Chase WH: Three cases of diverticula of the appendix: A brief review of the subject. Can Med Assoc J 17:416, 1927
Chauvin E: Les diverticules de l'appendice. Gaz Hop Paris 93:229, 1920
Chenard J, Jean C: Diverticules acquis de l'appendice. Can Med Assoc J 88:1212, 1963
Chlumsky V: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die verschiedene Methoden der Darmvereinigung. Beitr Klin Chir 25:539, 1899
Clavel M: Hydro-appendice et diverticule de l'appendice par tension. Lyon Med 141:380, 1928
Cohen SE, Cunningham JR, Sneierson H: The intramural diverticulum and dissecting diverticulitis. Arch Surg 75:800, 1957
Collins DC: Diverticula of the vermiform appendix: A study based on thirty cases. Ann Surg 104:1001, 1936
Collins DC: Unusual lesions of the vermiform appendix: Based upon a study of 24,326 specimens. Am J Proctol 6:205, 1955
Collins DC: A study of 50,000 specimens of the human vermiform appendix. Surg Gynecol Obstet 101:437, 1955
Cooke WE: Intramural diverticulum of the vermiform appendix. Lancet 2:1488, 1937
Corning E: Retention cyst and diverticulum of the vermiform appendix. Albany Med Ann 26:816, 1905
Crespellani C: Un caso di diverticolo infiammatorio dell'appendice. Diagnosi radiologica e conferma operatoria. Radiol Med (Torino) 14:848, 1927
Davis HC, Bendeck TE, Hanske EA: Diverticulum of the appendix. US Armed Forces Med J 7:343, 1956
DeRojas J, Iron HS Jr: Diverticulosis of the appendix. Arch Surg 96:429, 1968
Deschênes L, Couture J, Garneau R: Diverticulitis of the appendix: Report of sixty-one cases. Am J Surg 121:706, 1971
Desjardins E: Diverticulite appendiculaire. J Hotel Dier de Montreal 2:164, 1933
Dialti G: Pseudomixoma del peritoneo di origine appendicolare in ernia dell'appendice. Clin Chir 22:1729, 1914
Donovan RE, Aguirre AC: Diverticulos de apendice. Arch Argent Enferm Dig Nutr 11:475, 1936
Dordick JR: Diverticula of the vermiform appendix associated with an overgrowth of nerve tissue and partial mucocele. Arch Pathol 27:735, 1939
Douglas WK: A case of diverticulitis of the vermiform appendix. Postgrad Med J 28: 542, 1952
Edel M: Ueber erworbene Darmdivertikel. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 138:347, 1894
Edwards HC: Diverticula of the colon and vermiform appendix. Lancet 1:221, 1934
Edwards HC: Diverticula of the vermiform appendix. Br J Surg 22:88, 1934
Edwards HC: Diverticula and Diverticulitis of the Intestine; Their Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1939, 335 p
Elbe P: Appendixcysten und-divertikel. Beitr Klin Chir 64:635, 1909
Ellis OJ: Diverticulum of the appendix. Aust NZ J Surg 18:232, 1949
Erlikh S: Two cases of pseudo diverticula in the appendix. Patologoanatomicheskaia Kazuistika iz nauchnykh soviesshchanii vrachei, Kharkov University of Moscow, 1902–1903, p 74
Esparza R, Pan CM: Diverticulosis of the appendix. Surgery 67:922, 1970
Everts-Suarez EA, Noteboom G: Congenital diverticula of the appendix: A review of the world's literature and report of a case. Pa Med J 64:1454, 1961
Favara BE: Multiple congenital diverticula of the vermiform appendix. Am J Clin Pathol 49:60, 1968
von Faykiss F: Angeborenes Divertikel des Wurmfortsatzes. Zentralbl Chir 52:2647, 1925
Feldman M: Clinical Roentgenology of the Digestive Tract. Ed. 4, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1957, p 552
Fischer MH: False diverticula of the intestine. J Exp Med 5:333, 1900
Franco EE: Sulla istogenesi di alcuni diverticoli falsi dell'appendice cecale. Riv Veneta Sci Med Venezia 56:145, 1912
Friedmann AB: Diverticula of the appendix: A case report. Radiology 68:86, 1957
Frye JW, Miale JB: Diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the appendix. Wis Med J 47:868, 1948
Galambos A: Functional changes of the vermiform appendix producing diverticular sacculation of the spastically contracted organ. Am J Dig Dis 3:412, 1936-1937
Gardham AJ, Choyce CC, Randall M: Diverticulosis of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Br J Surg 16:62, 1928
Geimanovich ZI: Cystoid diverticulum in the mesentery of the appendix. Kharkov Med J 12:422, 1911
Gilmore JH, Mahan TK: A case of diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix roentgenographically demonstrated. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 56:748, 1946
Gobbi L: Considerazioni anatomo-patologiche e patogenetiche sullernia dell'appendice e sui diverticoli appendicolari. Arch Ital Chir 19:303, 1927
Good G: Caustische Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Divertikelbildungen und innneren Incarcerationen des Darmtractus. Aus dem Leichenhaus des Cantonspitales zu St. Gallen. Inaugural Dissertation, Zurich, 1894
Gottstein B: Zwei Falle von Carcinoiden des Appendix. Berl Klin Wochenschr 48:1533, 1911
Gramse AE, Dockerty MB, Waugh JM: False diverticula of the appendix: A sequel of previous inflammation and rupture of the appendix. A clinical and pathologic study. Surg Clin North Am 29:1189, 1949
Graser E: Ueber multiple falsche Darmdivertikel in der Flexura sigmoidea. Munch Med Wochenschr 46:721, 1899
Grassberger R: Ein Fall von multipler Divertikelbildung des Darmtractes, complicirt mit peptischen Geschwur am Pylorus. Wien Klin Wochenschr 10:149, 1897
Grynfeltt H, Chauvin E: Diverticule de l'appendice à travers une fente vasculaire de la musculeuse. Montpel Med 41:90, 1919
Grynfeltt H, Chauvin E: Diverticule inflammatoire de l'appendice etude histologique. Considerations sur la cicatrisation epitheliale des ulcerations appendicularies. Arch Mal App Dig 10:520, 1919
Guitarte MS: Divertículos idiopáticos del duodeno. Rev Cir Buenos Aires 21:135, 1942
Gullotta G: Sui diverticoli dell'appendice: Un caso di diverticolo congenito. Sperimentale 79:263, 1925
Hadley MN, Cogswell HD: Unusual origin of a Meckel's diverticulum from the base of the appendix. JAMA 106:537, 1936
Hanau A: Bemerkungen zu, der Mittheilung von Hansemann “Ueber die Entstehung falscher Darmdivertikel.” Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 145:172, 1896
Hansemann D: Ueber die Entstehung falscher Darmdivertikel. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 144:400, 1896
Hedinger E: Kongenitale Divertikelbildung im Processus vermiformis. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 178:25, 1904
Herb IC: Diverticulum of the vermiform appendix. JAMA 49:2135, 1907
Herb IC: Diverticulum of the vermiform appendix. Trans Chic Pathol Soc 7:94, 1907
Heschl RL: Mechanik der diastatischen Darm-perforationen. Wien Med Wochenschr 30:1, 1880
Higgins GA, Burger WE: Diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the vermiform appendix. Am Surg 20:637, 1954
Honecker W: Pseudomixoma peritonei nach appendicitis. Inaugural Dissertation, Leipzig, Weisbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1910, 25 pp
Hultén J: Diverticula of the vermiform appendix, right colon, and terminal ileum. Acta Chir Scand 124:340, 1962
Itoiz OA: Diverticulosis apendicular. Rev Asoc Med Argent 58:751, 1944
Jacquemont: Quoted by Royster HA: Appendicitis. New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1927, p 84
Jean C: Diverticules de l'appendice vermiforme Etude anatomo-clinique de 18 observations de faux diverticules. Ann Anat Pathol (Paris) 8:489, 1963
Jean C: Diverticules de l'appendice vermiforme. Laval Med 35:673, 1964
Johnston GB: Diverticulum of the vermiform appendix, with report of a case. Trans Am Surg Assoc 26:599, 1908
Kadrnka S, Sarasin RA: A propos de deux cas de diverticules appendiculaires. Examen radiologique. Bull Mem Soc Radiol Med France 20:321, 1932
Kastranek F: Ueber eine wiederholte Appendixperforation. Wien Klin Wochenschr 58: 51, 1946
Kelly HA, Hurdon E: The Vermiform Appendix and Its Diseases. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1905, p 288
Kelynack TN: A Contribution to the Pathology of the Vermiform Appendix. London, H. K. Lewis, 1893, p 60
Klebs E: Quoted by Hansemann D
Kline BS, Young AM, Straus R: False diverticulum formation following acute perforative appendicitis. Arch Pathol 31:25, 1941
Kline LB: Diverticula of appendix: A case each of the true and false varieties. Mil Surg 77:275, 1935
Konjetzny GE: Zur Pathologie und Klinik der erworbenen Wurmforstatzdivertikel. Munch Med Wochenschr 56:2251, 1909
Krabbel M: Divertikelbildung bei Appendicitis. Beitr Klin Chir 80:121, 1912
Ladin P: Diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the vermiform appendix: A brief review and report of sixteen cases. Arch Surg 62: 514, 1951
Lecene P: Deux cas d'appendicite kystique avecddiverticule. Bull Mem Soc Anat Paris 86:288, 1911
Lejars F: Les diverticules de l'appendice. Sem Med 31:532, 1911
Lejars F, Menetrier M: Diverticules de l'appendice et appendicite diverticulaire. Rev Chir 30:469, 1904
Leontieff BM: Pseudomixoma del peritonei. Roussky Vratch 12:1288, 1913
Letulle M, Weinberg M: Appendicitis; recherches histo-pathologiques. Arch Sci Med 2: 360, 1897
Löhr W: Zur Frage des Wurmfortstzdivertikels und seiner Folgezustande insbesondere des Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Dtsch Z Chir 171:30, 1922
Lorrain M: Appendicite chronique et anomalies de l'appendice. Arch Med Exp Anat Pathol 14:777, 1907
Maaløe CU: Histopatologiske studier over processus vermiformis. Copehagen, Jacob Lund, 1908, 266 pp
MacCarty WC, McGrath BF: Clinical and pathological significance of obliteration, carcinoma, and diverticulum of the appendix: Deductions from an examination of 5,000 specimens, with a comparative study of the pathology and clinical histories in 2,000 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 12:211, 1911
Maissa PA: Diverticulosis del apendice. Prensa Med Argent 34:1710, 1947
Malatesta R: Contributo allo studio dei falsi diverticoli dell'appendice. Policlinico [Chir] 15:49, 1908
Malone B: Diverticulum of appendix. JAMA 84:141, 1925
Martini E: Contributo allo studio anatomopatologico dell'appendicite. Clin Chir Milano 19:17, 1911
Masson JC, Hamrick RA: Pseudomyxoma peritonaei originating from mucocele of the appendix. Surg Gynecol Obstet 50:1023, 1930
Masson P: Appendicite chronique avec kyste muqueux pariétal. Bull Mem Soc Anat Paris 86:133, 1911
McCallig JJ: Acute appendicular obstruction. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1940, 69 pp
Melsay M, Pauchet V: Ectasie de l'appendice. Gaz Hop Paris 74:80, 1901
Mertens VE: Falsche Divertikel der Flexura sigmoidea und des Processus vermiformis. Mitt Grenz Med Chir 9:743, 1902
Moiroud P, Imbert R: Diverticulite appendiculaire primitive avec péritonite aiguë chez un vieillard de soixante et onze ans. Guérison operatoire. Bull Mem Soc Nat Chir Paris 58:732, 1932
Moschcowitz E: The pathological diagnosis of diseases of the appendix based on the study of 1500 specimens. Ann Surg 63:697, 1916
Mosinger M, Imbert R: Sur un cas de diverticule de l'appendice à forme tumorale Bull Mem Soc Nat Chir Paris 59:798, 1933
Mulsow FW: Diverticulosis of the appendix. Arch Surg 24:923, 1932
Mundt R: Ueber Veränderungen der Muskelwand des Wurmfortsatzes. Pathol Anat Arb 1903, p 463
Neumann A: Pseudomyxoma peritonei ex processu vermiformi. Klin Wochenschr 46: 15, 1909
Oberndorfer S: Schleimbildung in und um Wurmfortsatzdivertikel. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 49:235, 1907
Ochsner SF: Diverticulosis of the appendix. Radiology 77:100, 1961
Pack GT, Scharnagel I: Diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix. Am J Surg 5:369, 1928
Pascalis G: Diverticules de l'appendice. Presse Med 44:635, 1936
Peltier PL: Kystes et diverticules de l'appendice. Thesis, Paris, 1924, 59 pp
Peraire M, Masson P: Appendice à deux cavites. Bull Mem Soc Anat Paris 86:120, 1911
Potherat E: Appendice avec diverticulum. Bull Mem Soc Chir Paris 28:1072, 1902
Rabinovitch J, Arlen M, Barnett T, et al: Diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the vermiform appendix. Ann Surg 155:434, 1962
Ramirez J: Diverticulosis appendicular. Soc Cir Cordoba 5:70, 1944
Ratto O, Polak M: Divertículo appendicular congénito en una apendicitis crónica. Prensa Med Argent 28:1173, 1941
Reggiani D: La mancota guarigione dopo appendicectomia ese tuiga per sindrome dolorosa della parte destra dell'addome. Clin Bologna 14:154, 1953
Reiff TS, Bacilla V, Ribeiro EB: Diverticulos do apêndice cecal; consideracões em tôrno de um caso. An Paul Med Cir 71:173, 1956
Reiss F: Ueber falsche divertikel des wurmfortsatzes. Inaugural Dissertation Zur Erlangung der Medizinischen Doktorwurde der Hohen medizinischen Fakultat der Ruprechts Karls Universitat zu Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 1907
Ribbert H: Beiträge zur normalen und pathologischen Anatomie des Wurmfortsatzes. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 132:66, 1893
Ribeiro EB: Diverticulo do apendice em um case de hernia multipla. Bol Sanat S Lucas 3:3, 1941
Ribeiro EB, Camargo A: Diverticulo do apendice. Bol Sanat S Lucas 2:67, 1940
Ries E: Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Surg Gynecol Obstet 39:569, 1924
Rohmer EF: Incarcerated inguinal hernia complicated by acute suppurative appendicitis and diverticulum of the appendix. Bull NY Med Coll 8:32, 1945
Roque Suarez A: Diverticulosis apendicular. Asoc Med Argent 59:775, 1945
Rouffiac M: Appendice diverticulaire à quatre cavités d'origine congénitale. Bull Mem Soc Anat Paris 93:330, 1923
Salvioni D, Elkin M: Diverticula of the vermiform appendix. NY State J Med 57:2681, 1957
Sauer PK: Diverticula of the appendix. Am J Surg 10:564, 1930
Schläpfer E: Kongenitale, echte Divertikulosis der Appendix vermiformis. Zentralbl Allg Pathol 67:194, 1937
Schmincke A: Zur Kenntnis der angeborenen Divertikel der Appendix. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 254:771, 1925
Schweizer R: Über Divertikelbildung bei Appendicitis. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 185:278, 1906
Seelig MG: False diverticula of the vermiform appendix. Ann Surg 44:78, 1906
deSilva Neves JG: Diverticulos do apendice. Rev Med Munich 14:209, 1949
Simon WV: Entzündliche Divertikel des Wurmfortsatzes. Berl Klin Wochenschr 48: 1501, 1911
Sissiojeff T: Ein fall von multiplen zystom des wurmfortsatzes. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 205:42, 1911
Spriggs EI, Marxer OA: Intestinal diverticula. Br Med J 1:130, 1926
Stewart JD: Diverticulosis of the appendix. N Engl J Med 203:1288, 1930
Stigliani R: Sobre um caso de diverticulo do apendice e sua interpretacao patogenica. Arq Univ Bahia 4:195, 1949
Stout AP: A study of diverticulum formation in the appendix. Arch Surg 6:793, 1923
Sturm H: Beitrage zur pathologischen Anatomie des Wurmfortsatzes. Frankfurt Z Pathol 16:456, 1915
Trotter W: Peritoneal pseudo-myxoma originating from the vermiform appendix. Br Med J 1:687, 1910
Upcott H: False diverticula of the appendix. Surg Gynecol Obstet 6:454, 1908
Vassitch M: Diverticulite appendiculaire primitive avec perforation et fistulisation dans l'intestin grêle. Soc Nat Chir (Paris) 58: 1022, 1932
Villar M: Sur un cas d'appendicite chronique avec pseudo-myxome diverticulaire. Bull Acad Med 79:175, 1918
Walmsley T: A diverticulum of the appendix. J Anat 64:47, 1929
Walther C: Diverticules de l'appendice et kystes para-appendiculaires. Bull Mem Soc Chir Paris 26:822, 1900
Wangensteen OH, Bowers WF: Significance of the obstructive factor in the genesis of acute appendicitis: An experimental study. Arch Surg 34:496, 1937
Wangensteen OH, Buirge RE, Dennis C, et al: Studies in the etiology of acute appendicitis: The significance of the structure and function of the vermiform appendix in the genesis of appendicitis: A preliminary report. Ann Surg 106:910, 1937
Weinberg M: Resume des lesions histologiques des communes de l'appendicites. Thesis 647, Paris, 1898, 66 pp
Weinberg M: Diverticules de l'appendice. Bull Mem Soc Anat Paris 81:348, 1906
Weiner ME, Jenkinson EL: Diverticula of the appendix: A case observation. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 78:679, 1957
White CS: Diverticulum of the appendix. VA Med Semi-month 19:348, 1914
Wilkie DP: Carcinoma of the appendix causing diverticula of the appendix and acute appendicular obstruction. Br J Surg 8:392, 1921
Williams BW, Boggon RH: The mechanics of appendicitis. Lancet 1:9, 1934
Wilson RR: Diverticula of appendix and certain factors in their development. Br J Surg 38:65, 1950
Winteler S: Quoted by Jean C36
Wolff EA: Diverticula of the appendix. Med Times 66:232, 1938
Wunder E: Divertikelbildung an der Appendix. Frankfurt Z Pathol 51:18, 1937
Zondek M: Appendixdivertikel und perityphlitis. Berl Klin Wochenschr 48:1983, 1911
Zondek M: Appendixdivertikel und perityphlitis. Verh Berl Med Ges 42:428, 1912
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Trollope, M.L., Lindenauer, S.M. Diverticulosis of the appendix: A collective review. Dis Colon Rectum 17, 200–218 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02588104
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02588104