Riassunto
In un arco di tempo di 16 anni,Vallance-Owen ed i suoi collaboratori hanno condotto ricerche esaurienti sull’antagonista sinalbuminico dell’insulina, riferendo i risultati ottenuti. Le prime pubblicazioni suscitarono l’interesse degli esperti nel campo della diabetologia. Tuttavia, forse a motivo della incapacità di alcuni studiosi di dimostrare l’esistenza dell’antagonista, le segnalazioni relative ad indagini condotte in altri laboratorî diminuirono. Poiché è oggi ormai noto che l’antagonista è labile se conservato all’aria e che pertanto alcuni dei primi studî erano probabilmente privi di valore, è sperabile che altri gruppi riprendano le loro ricerche e che nuovi sperimentatori vengano attratti da questo interessante problema. Per quanti siano interessati al problema della sinalbumina, con particolare riguardo al suo significato nel diabete mellito, si rimanda al capitolo scritto daVallance-Owen per un volume di imminente pubblicazione114.
Infine, i fatti di maggiore rilievo relativi alla sinalbumina possono essere riassunti come segue: 1) viene definita sinalbumina una sostanza che può essere isolata, in associazione con l’albumina, dal sangue umano prelevato da soggetti a digiuno e che può inibire la stimolazione esercitata dall’insulina sulla captazione del glucosio da parte del diaframma isolato di ratto; 2) la sinalbumina perde la sua attività, se conservata per breve tempo all’aria; 3) si dice che in un determinato campione esiste una eccessiva quantità di sinalbumina se, alla concentrazione di 12,5 mg/ml, essa contrasta, nel diaframma isolato di ratto, l’azione di 1.000 µU/ml di insulina; 4) la sinalbumina non contrasta la stimolazione esercitata dall’insulina sulla captazione del glucosio da parte del tessuto adiposo, ma agisce sulla lipolisi; 5) la sinalbumina antagonizza l’azione dell’insulina su parametri diversi dalla captazione del glucosio da parte del muscolo, quali l’accumulo di aminoacidi e la loro incorporazione nelle proteine; 6) alla concentrazione di 12,5 mg/ml, la sinalbumina non inibisce la captazione del glucosio o l’accumulo di aminoacidi indotti da agenti quali la fenfluramina o l’ormone della crescita; 7) sinalbumina in eccesso si riscontra nei pazienti affetti da diabete mellito e in numerose condizioni associate a tale malattia, nonché nel prediabete o nella fase latente dell’affezione; 8) la produzione di sinalbumina ha luogo a livello epatico e, sulla base di esperimenti condotti siain vivo chein vitro, sembra essere maggiore in caso di aumentato apporto di insulina al fegato; 9) i complessi artificiali tra albumina non-antagonista e catena B ridotta dell’insulina si comportano come i campioni di albumina antagonista. Quanto sopra, ed il fatto che la sinalbumina viene prodotta nel fegato, suggeriscono che la catena B ridotta dell’insulina, che si forma durante il processo di degradazione dell’ormone, possa identificarsi con l’antagonista sinalbuminico dell’insulina.
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MoMaster, D. Sinalbumina 1958–1974. Acta diabet. lat 12 (Suppl 1), 20–47 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02581143
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02581143