Skip to main content
Log in

Urinary 17-ketosteroids in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies

  • Published:
Acta diabetologia latina Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The excretion of estriol into the maternal urine is an effective means of evaluating the fetus in pregnancies complicated by a number of metabolic disorders, such as chronic hypertension, renal disease, pre-eclampsia, etc. It is generally used in the management of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus even though some question has been raised as to its validity for this disorder. In this study we have evaluated estriol precursors in the form of 17-ketosteroids in the urine of pregnant women with mild diabetes mellitus as well as a non-diabetic control group. Urinary total estrogen excretion was also determined. Diabetics were found to excrete significantly higher amounts of 17-ketosteroids than the non-diabetic group. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the dynamics of estriol production in pregnancy is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Beischer N. A., Brown J. B.: Current Status of Estrogen Assays in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Part 2: Estrogen Assays in Late Pregnancy — Obstet. gynec. Surv.27, 303, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Beling C. G.: Estriol Excretion in Pregnancy and its Application to Clinical Problems — In:Marcus S. L., Marcus C. C. (Eds): Advances in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1957; vol. 1, p. 88.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Birke G., Gemzell C. A., Plantin L. O., Robbe H.: Plasma Levels of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids and Urinary Excretion Pattern of Ketosteroids in Normal Pregnancy — Acta endocr. (Kbh.)27, 389, 1958.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Björklund S. I., Jensen C. C.: Infants of Diabetic Mothers with Special Reference to Neonatal Adrenocortical Function as Assessed by Urinary Excretion of 17-Ketosteroids — Acta endocr. (Kbh.)18, 133, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brown J. B., MacLeod S. C., MacNaughtan C., Smith M. A., Smyth B.: A Rapid Method for Estimating Oestrogens in Urine Using a Semi-Automatic Extractor — J. Endocr.42, 5, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Casmer O.: Hormone Production of the Isolated Human Placenta — Acta endocr. (Kbh.)45 (Suppl.), 1959.

  7. Cathro D. M., Bertrand J., Coyle M. G.: Antenatal Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Hyperplasia — Lancet1, 732, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cleary R. F., Depp R., Pion R.: Relation of C19 Steroid Sulfates in Cord Plasma to Maternal Urinary Estriol — Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec.106, 534, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Davis M. E., Plotz E. J.: Hormonal Relationships between Maternal Adrenal, Placental, and Fetal Adrenal Functions — Obstet. gynec. Surv.11, 1, 1956.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Easterling W. E. Jr., Simmer H. H., Dignam W. J., Frankland M. V., Naftolin F.: Neutral C19 Steroids and Steroid Sulfates in Pregnancy. II. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Maternal and Fetal Blood of Pregnancies with Anencephalic and Normal Fetuses — Steroids8, 159, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fliegner J. R. H., Schindler I., Brown J. B.: Low Urinary Estriol Excretion during Pregnancy Associated with Placental Deficiency or Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia — J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Cwlth79, 810, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. France J. T., Liggins G. C.: Placental Sulfatase Deficiency — J. clin. Endocr.29, 138, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. France J. T., Seddon R. J., Liggins G. C.: A Study of a Pregnancy with Low Estrogen Production Due to Placental Sulfatase Deficiency — J. clin. Endocr.36, 1, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Freeman R. K.: The Use of the Oxytocin Challenge Test for Antepartum Clinical Evaluation of Uteroplacental Respiratory Function — Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec.121, 481, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Green O. C.: Steroid Metabolism in the Fetus and the Newborn Infant — Pediat. Clin. N. Amer.12, 615, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hare R. S.: Endogenous Creatinine in Serum and Urine — Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.)74, 148, 1950.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Klopper A., Stephenson R.: The Excretion of Oestriol and of Pregnanediol in Pregnancy Complicated by Rh Immunization — J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Cwlth73, 282, 1966.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lauritzen C., Lehmann W. D.: Levels of Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Newborn Infant and their Relationship to Adrenal Dehydroepiandrosterone — J. clin. Endocr.39, 173, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Marble A.: Laboratory Procedures Useful in Diagnosis and Treatment — In:Marble A., White P., Bradley R. F., Krall L. P. (Eds): Joslin’s Diabetes Mellitus. 11th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1971; p. 202.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Miller H. C.: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Extramedullary Erythropoiesis in Newborn Infants of Prediabetic Mothers — Amer. J. med. Sci.209, 447, 1945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Miller H. C., Johnson R. D., Durlacher S. H.: A Comparison of Newborn Infants with Erythroblastosis Fetalis with Those Born to Diabetic Mothers — J. Pediat.24, 603, 1944.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Naeye R. L.: Infants of Diabetic Mothers: a Quantitative Morphologic Study — Pediatrics35, 980, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Naeye R. L., Sims E. A. H., Welsh G. W. III, Gray M. J.: Newborn Organ Abnormalities — Arch. Path.81, 552, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pauerstein C. J., Solomon D.: LH and Adrenal Androgenesis — Obstet. and Gynec.28, 692, 1966.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Reynolds J. W., Mirkin B. L.: Urinary Steroid Levels in Newborn Infants with Intrauterine Growth Retardation — J. clin. Endocr.36, 576, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rourke J. E., Marshall L. D., Shelley T. F.: A Simple Rapid Assay of Estrogens in Pregnancy — Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec.100, 331, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ryan K. J.: Metabolism of C-16-Oxygenated Steroids by Human Placenta: the Formation of Estriol — J. biol. Chem.234, 2006, 1959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Selnekow H. A., Varma K., Younger D., White P., Emerson J. Jr.: Patterns of Immunoreactive Human Placental Lactogen (IR-HPL) and Chorionic Gonadotropin (IR-HCG) in Diabetic Pregnancy — Diabetes20, 696, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Siiteri P. K., MacDonald P. D.: The Utilization of Circulating Dehydroisandrosterone Sulfate for Estrogen Synthesis during Human Pregnancy — Steroids2, 713, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Simmer H. H., Dignam W. J., Easterling W. E. Jr., Frankland M. V., Naftolin F.: Neutral C19-Steroids and Steroid Sulfates in Human Pregnancy. III. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, and 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Cord Blood and Blood of Pregnant Women with and without Treatment with Corticoids — Steroids8, 179, 1966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Simmer H. H., Frankland M. V., Greipel M.: On the Regulation of Fetal and Maternal 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and its Sulfate by Cortisol and ACTH in Human Pregnancy at Term — Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec.121, 646, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Taylor E. S., Hassner A., Brans P. D., Drose V. E.: Urinary Estriol Excretion of Pregnant Patients with Pyelonephritis and Rh Isoimmunization — Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec.85, 10, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wood, G.P. Urinary 17-ketosteroids in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies. Acta diabet. lat 13, 250–260 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02581122

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02581122

Key-words

Navigation