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Ultrastructural studies on crystal growth of enameloid minerals in elasmobranch and teleost fish

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Summary

The composition and morphology of crystals formed in fish enameloid were investigated at various developmental stages. Species studied were shark, skate, red seabream, puffer, and carp. For comparative purposes, mammalian enamel samples were obtained from developing porcine teeth and erupted human teeth. Chemical and physical analyses (FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and electron microprobe) indicated that the mineral phase of enameloid in elasmobranch and teleost fish was most adequately characterized as fluoridated carbonatoapatites but that the degree of fluoridation and carbonation of the apatite latice varied among species and, within species, with the developmental stage. High resolution electron microscopy demonstrated differences in the nature and morphology of the initially precipitating crystallites of the enameloids of elasmobranch as compared with those of teleost fish. The elasmobranch enameloid contained high levels of fluoride (2.5% wt or more) at the beginning of precipitation and its mineralization was characterized by the initial formation and subsequent growth of prismatic apatite crystals having hexagonal (frequently equilateral) cross-sectional areas. In contrast, the initially precipitating crystallites in the teleost fish appeared as thin ribbons, like those commonly reported in mammalian enamel. The crystal morphology of the teleost fish enameloid may be related to the low fluoride contents maintained in the early stages of enameloid formation. However, the growth process of enameloid crystallites varied within the teleostei depending on the fluoride accretion during the mineralization stages. In the seabream enameloid (the highfluoride group), the growth on the side planes of the apatitic prisms was accelerated with increasing fluoride concentration in the tissue; the resulting crystallites had equilateral hexagonal cross sections. The morphology and growth of enameloid crystallites in puffer and carp (the low-fluoride group) were similar to those reported in mammalian enamel. However, appreciable differences existed between the enameloid of this fish group and the mammalian enamel with respect to carbonation, fluoridation, and central defects of their crystallites. The overall results support the contention that fluoride significantly affects the morphology and structure of enameloid crystals, most probably by increasing the driving force for carbonatoapatite formation and by accelerating hydrolysis of possible acidic precursors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forsyth Dental Center, 140 Fenway, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Y. Miake, T. Aoba, E. C. Moreno, S. Shimoda & K. Prostak

  2. Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    S. Suga

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  1. Y. Miake
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  2. T. Aoba
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  3. E. C. Moreno
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  4. S. Shimoda
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  5. K. Prostak
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  6. S. Suga
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Miake, Y., Aoba, T., Moreno, E.C. et al. Ultrastructural studies on crystal growth of enameloid minerals in elasmobranch and teleost fish. Calcif Tissue Int 48, 204–217 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02570556

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02570556

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