Summary
A structural characterization of pure hydroxyapatite and partially carbonated hydroxyapatites has been performed using EXAFS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Our findings show that marked structural changes within the hydroxyapatite unit cell accompany the substitution of the phosphate anion. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy has shown that the incorporation of carbonate into the phosphate site alters the structural geometry beyond the nearest neighbor oxygen coordination to calcium in a manner consistent with an increase in structural disorder. The nearest neighbor coordination to calcium is not detectably affected by the presence of carbonate.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boskey AL (1981) Current concepts of the physiology and biochemistry of calcification. Clin Orthop Rel Res 157:225–256
Harries JE, Shah JS, Hasnain SS (1984) Structural study of arthropathic deposits. Proc Phys 2:142–144
Harries JE (1985) Crystal-related arthropathies—a growing problem. Ph.D. Thesis, Bristol, England
Shah JS (1983) Application of physical methods in the investigation of crystal-related arthropathies. Ann Rheum Dis 42(suppl): 68–72
Bonel G, Montel G (1964) Etude comparee des apatites carbonatees obtenues par differentes methodes de synthese. Reactivity of solids. 5th Intl Symp Munich 1964. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 667–675
Elliott JC (1973) The problems of composition and structure of the mineral components of the hard tissues. Clin Orthop Rel Res 93:313–345
Nelson DGA, Featherstone JDB (1982) Preparation, analysis and characterization of carbonated apatites. Calcif Tissue Int 34:S69-S81
LeGeros RZ, LeGeros JP, Trautz OR, Klein E (1964) Spectral properties of carbonate-containing apatites. J Dental Res 43:751–760
Young RA Implications of atomic substitutions and other structural details in apatites. J Dental Res 53:193–203
LeGeros RZ, LeGeros JP, Trautz OR, Klein E, Shira WP (1967) Apatite crystallites. Effect of carbonate on morphology. Science 155:1409–1411
LeGeros RZ (1965) Effect of carbonate on the lattice cell parameters of apatite. Nature 206:403–404
Betts F Blumenthal NC, Posner AS (1981) Bone mineralisation. Cryst Growth 53:63–73
Klug HP, Alexander LE (1954) X-ray diffraction procedures for polycrystalline and amorphous materials. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Blumenthal NC, Betts F, Posner AS (1975) Effect of carbonate and biological macromolecules on formation and properties of hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Res 18:81–90
Eanes ED, Powers L, Costa JL (1981) Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies on calcium in crystalline and amorphous solids of biological interest. Cell Calcium 2:251–252, 262
Lee P, Pendry JB (1975) Theory of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Phys Rev B 11:2795–2801
Stern EA Theory of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Phys Res B 10:3027–3037
Eisenberger P, Kincaid BM (1978) New horizons in EXAFS. Science 200:1441–1447
Harries JE, Hukins DWL, Hasnain SS (1986) Analysis of the EXAFS spectrum of hydroxyapatite. J Phys [C]: Solid State Phys 19:6859–6872
Diamond PS, Denman RF (1973) Laboratory techniques in chemistry and biology. Butterworth and Co Ltd. London
Diakun GP, Greaves GN, Hasnain SS, Quinn PD (1984) X-ray absorption spectroscopy. SERC Daresbury Lab Rep DL/SCI/TM38/
Gurman S, Binsted N, Ross I (1984) A rapid, exact curved-wave theory for EXAFS calculations. J Phys [C]: Solid State Phys 17:143–151
Baddiel CB, Berry EE (1966) Spectra structure correlations of hydroxy and fluorapatite. Spectrochimica Acta 22:1407–1415
Termine JD, Posner AS (1966) Infra-red determination of the percentage of crystallinity in apatite calcium phosphates. Nature 211:268–270
Blumenthal NC, Posner AS, Holmes JM (1972) Effect of preparation conditions on the properties and transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate. Mat Res Bull 7:1181–1190
Wyckoff RWG (1965) Crystal structure, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 228–229
Wyckoff RWG (1964) Crystal structure, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 364–368
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harries, J.E., Hasnain, S.S. & Shah, J.S. EXAFS study of structural disorder in carbonate-containing hydroxyapatites. Calcif Tissue Int 41, 346–350 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556675
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02556675