References
Bates, H. R., Jr.: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum: A statistical review. Dis. Colon Rectum.9:90, 1966.
Caldarola, V. T., R. J. Jackman, C. G. Moertel, and M. B. Dockerty: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Amer. J. Surg.107: 844, 1964.
Dollinger, M. R., and B. Gardner: Newer aspects of the carcinoid spectrum. Surg. Gynec. Obstet.122 1335, 1966.
Ellis, F. W.: Carcinoid of the rectum: Report of case with thirteen years' survival; treated with intra-arterial nitrogen mustard. Cancer.10: 138, 1957.
Epps, C. H., R. N. White, and E. B. Hanan: Metastasis of rectal carcinoid to the broad ligament. J.A.M.A.149: 1205, 1952.
Foreman, R. C.: Carcinoid tumors: A report of 38 cases. Ann. Surg.136: 838, 1952.
Freund, S. J.: Carcinoid tumor of rectum. Amer. J. Surg.84: 603, 1952.
Gossett, A., and P. Masson: Quoted by Sanders, R. J., and H. K. Axtell.27.
Green, R. E.: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Amer. J. Surg.91: 351, 1956.
Gross, M.: Tumeurs carcinoides du rectum. Helv. Chir. Acta.35: 239, 1968.
Horn, R. C., Jr.: Carcinoid tumors of the colon and rectum. Cancer.2: 819, 1949.
Jackman, R. J.: Submucosal nodules of the rectum: Diagnostic significance. Mayo Clin. Proc.22: 502, 1947.
Kinley, C. E., and D. W. Penner: Carcinoid tumors: A review and clinicopathological study of 52 cases. Canad. J. Surg.5: 138, 1962.
Kunkel, W. M., Jr., J. M. Waugh, and M. B. Dockerty: Carcinoid of the rectum with metastasis: Report of a case. Ann. Surg.139: 224, 1954.
Lamphier, T. A., and R. Ehrlich: Carcinoid of the rectum. Arch. Surg.75 756, 1957.
Lubarsch, O.: Quoted by Sanders, R. J., and H. K. Axtell.27.
McGregor, J. K., S. W. Eisenberg, and H. E. Bacon: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. J.A.M.A.181: 552, 1962.
Morton, W. A., and F. R. C. Johnstone: Rectal carcinoids. Brit. J. Surg.52: 391, 1965.
Mrazek, R. G., Jr., M. C. Godwin, and J. Mohardt: Carcinoid tumors: A clinical and pathologic study of 27 cases. Surg. Gynec. Obstet.96: 661, 1953.
Oberndorfer, S.: Quoted by Sanders, R. J., and H. K. Axtell.27.
Pearson, C. M., and P. J. Fitzgerald: Carcinoid tumors—A re-emphasis of their malignant nature: Review of 140 cases. Cancer.2: 1005, 1949.
Peskin, G. W., and M. J. Orloff: A clinical study of 25 patients with carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Surg. Gynec. Obstet.109: 673, 1959.
Quan, S. H. Q., G. Bader, and J. W. Berg: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Dis. Colon Rectum.7: 197, 1964.
Root, G. T., W. Leddy, and J. L. MacDonald: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Amer. J. Surg.98: 243, 1959.
Rosser, C.: Carcinoid (neurocrine) tumors of the rectum. Surg. Gynec. Obstet.93: 486, 1951.
Saegesser, F., and M. Gross: Carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid tumours of the rectum. Amer. J. Proctol.20: 27, 1969.
Sanders, R. J., and H. K. Axtell: Carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract. Surg. Gynec. Obstet.119:369, 1964.
Shorb, P. E., Jr., and W. S. McCune: Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: An analysis of seventy cases. Amer. J. Surg.107: 329, 1964.
Stout, A. P.: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum derived from Erspamer's pre-enterochrome cells. Amer. J. Path.18: 993, 1942.
Swinton, N. W., and A. N. Freedman: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum: Case report and review of the literature. Dis. Colon Rectum.3: 189, 1960.
Tumacder, O. C., R. C. Horn, Jr., B. Eisenstein, T. C. Arminski, G. S. Wilson, and R. J. Lucas. Carcinoid tumors of the rectum: A review of 40 cases. Arch. Surg.97: 261, 1968.
Turner, L., and R. Pell-Ilderton: Dual primary carcinoid and carcinoma of the rectum. Brit. J. Surg.53: 120, 1966.
Warner, R. R. P., and G. M. Warner: The rectal carcinoid. Surg. Clin. N. Amer.42: 1243, 1967.
Weiss, E., and B. Haskell: Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Dis. Colon Rectum3: 364, 1960.
Williams, E. D., and M. Sandler: The classification of carcinoid tumours. Lancet.1: 238, 1963.
Wilson, H., E. H. Storer, and F. J. Star: Carcinoid tumors: A study of seventy-eight cases. Amer. J. Surg.105: 35, 1963.
Zakharia, A. T.: Rectal carcinoid: A review of the literature and report of three new cases. Arch. Surg.98: 8, 1969.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Read at the meeting of the American Proctologic Society, Hollywood, Florida, April 12 to 16, 1970.
About this article
Cite this article
Ponka, J.L., Walke, L. Carcinoid tumors of the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 14, 46–56 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02553175
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02553175