Abstract
Transcatheter vessel occlusion (TCVO) is increasingly used for control of hemorrhage, palliative and preoperative tumor embolization, organ function ablation, and obliteration of arteriovenous fistulae and malformations. Methods for TCVO include transcather electrocoagulation, “staining” with contrast, the use of balloon-tipped catheters, and embolization. The choice of method and material depends on whether proximal occlusion of feeding vessels or arteriocapillary occlusion is desired, the vascular anatomy of the lesion, the safety with which the lesion can be embolized, and the type of lesion being treated.
Embolization is the most frequently employed modality. Available materials include autologous tissue, absorbable hemostatics, synthetic particulates, and liquid polymers. Each material has advantages and disadvantages that make it desirable in certain situations and less useful in others. Complications of TCVO may be disastrous, but can be avoided with careful attention to detail. The specific features of the lesion determine the choice of materials and techniques.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Grace, D.M., Pitt, D.F., Gold, R.E.: Vascular embolization and occlusion by angiographic techniques as an aid or alternative to operation. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 143:469–482, 1976
Miller, M.D., Johnsrude, I.S., Limberakis, A.J., Jackson, D.C., Pizzo, S., Thompson, W.M.: Clinical use of transcatheter electrocoagulation. Radiology 129:211–214, 1978
Doppman, J.L., Brown, E.M., Brennan, M.F., Spiegel, A., Marx, S.J., Auerbach, G.D.: Angiographic ablation of parathyroid adenomas. Radiology 130:577–582, 1979
Greenfield, A.J., Athanasoulis, C.A., Waltman, A.C., Le Moure, E.R.: Transcatheter embolization: Prevention of embolic reflux using balloon catheters. Am. J. Roentgenol. 131:651–655, 1978
Ring, E.J., Athanasoulis, C.A., Waltman, A.C., Margolies, M.N., Baum, S.: Arteriographic management of hemorrhage following pelvic fracture. Radiology 109:65–70, 1973
Wholey, M.H., Stockdale, R., Hung, T.K.: A percutaneous balloon catheter for the immediate control of hemorrhage. Radiology 95:65–71, 1970
Barth, K.H., Strandberg, J.D., White, R.I., Jr.: Long term follow-up transcatheter embolization with autologous clot, oxycel and gelfoam in domestic swine. Invest. Radiol. 12:273–280, 1977
White, R.I., Jr., Strandberg, J.V., Gross, G.S., Barth, K.H.: Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues. Radiology 125:677–687, 1977
Barth, K.H., Strandberg, J.D., Kaufman, S.L., White, R.I., Jr.: Chronic vascular reactions to steel coil occlusion devices. Am. J. Roentgenol. 131:455–458, 1978
Freeny, P.C., Mennemeyer, R., Kidd, R.C., Bush, W.H.: Long-term radiographic-pathologic follow-up of patients treated with visceral transcatheter occlusion using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate). Radiology 132:51–60, 1979
Castaneda-Zuniga, W.R., Sanchez, R., Amplatz, K.: Experimental observations on short and long-term effects of arterial occlusion with Ivalon. Radiology 126:783–785, 1978
Diamond, N.G., Casarella, W.J., Bachman, D.M., Wolff, M.: Microfibrillar collagen hemostat: A new transcatheter embolization agent. Radiology 133:775–779, 1979
Luessenhop, A.J., Spence, W.T.: Artificial embolization of cerebral arteries. Report of use in a case of arteriovenous malformation. JAMA 172:1153–1155, 1960
Rösch, J., Dotter, C.T., Brown, M.J.: Selective arterial embolization. A new method for control of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology 102:303–306, 1972
Anderson, J.H., Wallace, S., Gianturco, C., Gerson, P.: “Mini” Gianturco stainless steel coils for transcatheter vascular occlusion. Radiology 132:301–303, 1979
Pevsner, P.H.: Micro-balloon catheter for superselective angiography and therapeutic occlusion. Am. J. Roentgenol. 128:225–230, 1977
White, R.I., Jr., Kaufman, S.L., Barth, K.H., DeCaprio, V., Strandbert, J.D.: Embolotherapy with detachable silicone balloons. Technique and clinical results. Radiology 131:619–627, 1979
Debrun, G., Legre, J., Kasbarian, M., Tapias, P.L., Caron, J.P.: Endovascular occlusion of vertebral fistulae by detachable balloons with conservation of the vertebral blood flow. Radiology 130:141–147, 1979
Gomes, A.S., Rysavy, J.A., Spadaccini, C., Probst, P., D'Souza, V., Amplatz, K.: The use of the bristle brush for transcatheter embolization. Radiology 129:345–350, 1978
Dotter, C.T., Goldman, M.L., Rösch, J.: Instant selective arterial occlusion with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate. Radiology 114:227–230, 1975
Freeny, P.C., Mennemeyer, R., Kidd, C.R., Bush, W.H.: Long-term radiographic-pathologic follow-up of patients treated with visceral transcatheter occlusion using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate). Radiology 132:51–60, 1979
Doppman, J.L., Zapol, W., Pierce, J.: Transcatheter embolization with a silicone rubber preparation. Experimental observations. Invest. Radiol. 6:304–309, 1971
Doppman, J.L., Aven, W., Bowman, R.L., Wood, L.L., Girton, M.: A rapidly polymerizing polyurethane for transcatheter embolization. Cardiovasc. Radiol. 1:109–116, 1978
Trojanowski, J.Q, Harrist, T.J., Athanasoulis, C.A., Greenfield, A.J.: Hepatic and splenic infarctions: Complications and therapeutic transcatheter embolization. Am. J. Surg. 139:272–277, 1980
Rankin, R.N.: Gas formation after renal tumor embolization without abscess: A benign occurrence. Radiology 130:317–320, 1979
Spigos, D.G., Jonasson, O., Mozes, M., Capek, V.: Partial splenic embolization in the treatment of hypersplenism. Am. J. Roentgenol. 132:777–782, 1979
Bentson, J., Rand, R., Calcaterra, T., Lasjaunias, P.: Unexpected complications following therapeutic embolization. Neuroradiology 16:420–423, 1978
Greenfield, A.J., Waltman, A.C., Athanasoulis, C.A., Novelline, R.A., Dedrick, G.G.: Vasopressin in control of gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Complications of selective intra-arterial vs. systemic infusions (abstract). Gastroenterology 76, Part 2:1144, 1979
Berenstein, A., Kricheff, I.I.: Catheter and material selection for transarterial embolization: Technical considerations. Radiology 132:619–630, 1979
Athanasoulis, C.A., Harris, W.H., Stock, J.R., Waltman, A.C.: Arterial embolization to control pelvic hemorrhage. In: The Hip: Proceedings of the Seventh Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society, 1979. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Co., 1980, pp. 247–259
Widrich, W.C., Johnson, W.C., Robbins, A.H., Nabseth, D.C.: Esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage. Arch. Surg. 113:1331–1338, 1978
Higgins, C.B., Bookstein, J.J., Davis, G.B., Galloway, D.C., Barr, J.W.: Therapeutic embolization for intractable chronic bleeding. Radiology 122:473–478, 1977
Fellows, K.E., Khaw, K.T., Schuster, S., Shwachman, H.: Bronchial artery embolization in cystic fibrosis: Technique and long term results. J. Pediatr. 95:959–963, 1979
Castaneda-Zuniga, W., Epstein, M., Zollikofer, C., Nath, P.H., Formanek, A., Ben-Shachar, G., Amplatz, K.: Embolization of multiple pulmonary artery fistulas. Radiology 134:309–310, 1980
Spigos, D.G., Jonasson, O., Mozes, M., Capek, U.: Partial splenic embolization in the treatment of hypersplenism. Am. J. Roentgenol. 132:777–782, 1979
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Greenfield, A.J. Transcatheter vessel occlusion: Selection of methods and materials. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 3, 222–228 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02552731
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02552731