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The effect of phosphanates on dental enamelin vitro and calculus formationin vivo

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Abstract

Di- and poly-phosphonic acids react with polished human dental enamel at acidic and basic pH values to form protective films on the surface which limit the destructive dissolution that can occur in enamel due to acid buffer or calcium chelation effects. The protective effect of these films is demonstrable by electron microscopy. Trisodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (Na3EHDP) or trisodium methanediphosphonate (Na3MDP) included in a calculus-producing diet significantly reduced the accumulation of calculus on the teeth of rats. The mechanism of calculus prevention appears to be interference with crystal growth of hydroxyapatite as determined by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. From these and other data phosphonates appear to form films on enamel which reduce dissolution of the enamel and also provide a surface which calcifies poorly to limit calculus formation.

Résumé

Des acides di et polyphosphoniques réagissent avec de l’émail humain poli à des valeurs acides et basiques de pH pour former un film protecteur à la surface qui diminue la dissolution destructrice pouvant se produire dans l’émail par suite des effets tampon acide ou de chélation du calcium. L’effet protecteur de ces films est confirmé par le microscope électronique. Du trisodium éthane-1-hydroxyle-1,1-diphosphonate (Na3EHDP) ou du trisodium méthanedi-phosphonate (Na3MDP), mélangé à un régime produisant du tartre, réduit significatvement l’accumulation de tartre sur les dents de rats. Le mécanisme de prévention du tartre semble devoir interférer avec la croissance cristalline de l’hydroxyleapatite, ainsi que le montrent la microscopie et la diffraction électroniques. D’après ces résultats, les phosphonates semblent former des films sur l’émail qui diminuent la dissolution de l’émail et donnent une surface qui se calcitie mal pour former du tartre.

Zusammenfassung

Di- und Polyphosphonsäuren reagieren mit poliertem menschlichem Zahnschmelz bei sauren und basischen pH-Werten und bilden Schutzfilme auf der Oberfläche, welche die destruktive Auflösung begrenzen, die im Schmelz durch sauren Puffer oder durch Chelatkomplexbildung mit Calcium erfolgt. Die Schutzwirkung dieser Filme kann durch Elektronen-Mikroskopie nachgewiesen werden. Trinatrium Aethan-1-hydroxy-1,1-Diphosphonat (Na3EHDP) oder, Trinatrium Methandiphosphonat (Na3MDP), welche einer Zahnstein-bildenden Diät zugegeben wurden, verminderten signifikant die Zahnsteinablagerung auf Ratten-zähnen. Der Mechansmus, der für die verminderte Zahnsteinbildung verantwortlich ist, scheint auf einer Interferenz im Kristallwächstum von Hydroxyapatit zur beruhen; dies wurde durch Elektronen-Mikroskopie und Elektronen-Diffraktion nachgewiesen. Diese und andere Befunde zeigen, daß Phosphonate auf dem Schmelz Filme zu bilden scheinen, welche die Auflösung von Schmelz vermindern und zu einer Oberfläche führen, die nur schwach verkalkt und somit die Zahnsteinbildung begrenzt.

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Francis, M.D., Briner, W.W. The effect of phosphanates on dental enamelin vitro and calculus formationin vivo . Calc. Tis Res. 11, 1–9 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546591

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