Skip to main content
Log in

Thermal analysis and the scientific conservation of cultural materials

A study of the effects of conservation treatment on the Fanshawe archive

  • Archeology and Conservation
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Prior to treatment, letters dating from 1665–66 were characterised using SEM, FTIR, ESCA or XPS, TG, TMA and DLTMA. All three papers were similar in composition and were basically cellulosic materials. Two which had been sent from Lisbon contained trace amounts of Fe and Cu; these impurities were also present in a letter sent from Dublin. All three letters had been written with iron gall ink. The letter from Dublin had an additional feature in the ink in the form of small bright specks of mica. The papers were examined after conservation treatment using the above same techniques in an attempt both to determine and quantify any changes which had occurred during the treatment process. Scanning electron micrographs showed that propounced changes had occurred to the surfaces of the treated papers. With XPS it was possible to measure the change in the surface composition of the papers which occurred on treatment. It was also found that the treatment reduced the thermal stability of the papers in all three cases.

Zusammenfassung

Vor der Behandlung von Briefen von 1665–66 wurden diese mittels SEM, FTIR, ESCA/XPS, TG und TMA/DLTMA charakterisiert. Alle drei Schriftstücke hatten eine ähnliche Zusammensetzung und bestanden grundlegend aus Zellulosematerialien. Die zwei aus Lissabon abgesandten Schriftstücke enthieklten Spuren von Fe und Cu; diese Verunreinigungen waren auch in dem aus Dublin abgesandten Schriftstück enthalten. Alle drei Briefe wurden Eisengallfarbe geschrieben. Als besonderes Merkmal wies die Tinte des Briefes aus Dublin kleine Glimmerpartikel auf. Nach der Konservierungsbehandlung wurden die Schriftstücke mittels der gleichen Methoden untersucht, um festzustellen, ob und in welchem Ausmaß Änderungen während der Behandlung auftraten. SEM zeigte eindeutige Veränderungen der Oberfläche der behandelten Schriftstücke. Mittels XPS gelang es, die infolge der Behandlung eingetretene Änderung der Oberflächenzusammensetzung der Schriftstücke zu messen. In allen drei Fällen wurde die thermische Stabilität durch die Behandlung gesenkt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Wentz, ‘Experimental Studies on the Effect of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Treatments on Historic Textiles’ in Historic Textile and Paper Materials, ed. H. L. Needles and S. H. Zeronian, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1986, pp. 211–230.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and W. Zussman, An Introduction to the Rock-forming Minerals, Longman, Harlow, UK, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  3. D.-S. Hon, “Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis-Use in the Study of Paper Documents’ in Historic Textile and Paper Materials, ed. H. L. Needles and S. H. Zeronian, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1986, pp. 349–361.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. P. Waters, ‘Archival Methods of Treatment for Library Documents’ in Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value II, ed. J. C. Williams, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1981, pp. 13–23.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. V. Daniels, “Aqueous Deacidification of Paper’ in Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts, ed. G. Petherbridge, The Society of Archivists and the Institute of Paper Conservation, London 1980, pp. 121–125.

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. G. Wiedemann, Thermochim. Acta, 100 (1986) 283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Hedley, M. Odlyha, A. Burnstock, J. Tillinghast and C. Husband, Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings, IIC, Brussels, 1990, pp. 98–105.

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. Dollimore and J. M. Hoath, Thermochim. Acta, 45 (1981) 87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Dollimore and B. Holt, Polymer Sci., 11 (1973) 1703.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Widman and R. Riesen, Thermal Analysis: Terms, Methods. Applications, Hüthig Verlag, Heidelberg 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. M. Berry, S. P. Hersh, P. A. Tucker and W. K. Walsh, ‘Reinforcing Degraded Textiles, Part: Properties of Naturally and Aged Cotton Textiles” in Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value, ed. J. C. Williams, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1977, pp. 228–248.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Blackwell, ‘Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Cellulose’ in Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, ed. J. C. Arthur, Jr., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1977, pp. 206–218.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Liénardy and P. Van Damme, Studies in Conservation, 36 (1991) 155.

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Strawn, (Private Communication).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Odlyha, M., Walker, R.M. & Liddell, W.H. Thermal analysis and the scientific conservation of cultural materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis 40, 285–302 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546579

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546579

Keywords

Navigation