Abstract
In W/O microemulsions prepared by adding dry surfactant to a mixture of 85% heptane or toluene and 15% pentanol, then titrating with water, systems using quaternary ammonium salts have been shown to be capable of solubilizing much larger amounts of water than systems using the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate. In homologous series in the range C12 to C16 it would appear that, with one exception, longer chain length quaternary salts are more effective at solubilizing water than are shorter chain length compounds. With quaternary salts of equal chain length, pyridinium salts are more effective at solubilizing water at high surfactant concentrations than are corresponding trimethyl salts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hoar, T.P., and J.H. Schulman, Nature 152:102 (1943).
Schulman, J.H., and D.P. Riley, J. Colloid Sci. 3:383 (1948).
Schulman, J.H., and J.A. Friend, Ibid. 4:497 (1949).
Bowcutt, J.E.L., and J.H. Schulman, Z. Electro. Chem. 59:283 (1955).
Schulman, J.H., W. Stoeckenius and L.M. Prince, J. Phys. Chem. 63:1977 (1959).
Stoeckenius, W., J.H. Schulman and L.M. Prince, Kolloid Z. 169:170 (1960).
Cooke, C.E. Jr., and J.H. Schulman, in Surface Chemistry, edited by P. Ekwall, K. Groth and V. Runnstrom-Relo, Munksgaard. Copenhagen, pp. 231–251, 1965.
Shah, D.O., V.K. Bansal, K.S. Chan and W.C. Hsieh, Improved Oil Recovery by Surfactant and Polymer Flooding, edited by D.O. Shah and R.S. Schechter, pp. 293–337, Academic Press, New York, 1977.
O’Connell, J.P., and R.J. Brugman, Ibid. pp. 339–382.
Reed, R.L., and R.N. Heely, Ibid. pp. 383–437.
Puig, J.E., L.E. Scriven, H.T. Davis and W.G. Miller, Interfacial Phenomena in Enhanced Oil Recovery, edited by D. Wasan and A. Payatakes, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series 78, pp. 1–27 (1982).
Miller, C.A., S. Mukherjee, W.J. Benton, J. Natoli, S. Qutubuddin and T. Forr Jr., Ibid, 28–41.
Israelachvili, J.N., D.J. Mitchell and B.W. Ninham, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II 72:1525 (1976).
Oakenfull, D., J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 76:1875 (1980).
Mitchell, D.J., and B.W. Ninham, Ibid., 77:601 (1981).
El-Nokaly, M., and S.E. Friberg, Cosmetics and Toiletries 97:55 (1980).
Friberg, S.E., Prog. Colloid Polymer Sci. 68:41 (1983).
Friberg, S.E., and R.L. Venable, Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, Vol. 1, p. 287, edited by P. Becher, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (1983).
Ekwall, P., Advances in Liquid Crystal, edited by G. Brown, Vol. 1, p. 1, Academic Press, New York, 1975.
Hermansky, C., and R.A. MacKay, Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, edited by K.L. Mittal, pp. 723–732, Plenum Press, New York (1979).
Friberg, S.E., M.R. Hakala and D.M. Downey, AOSTRA J. Research, in press, 1984.
Friberg, S.E., and S.I. Ahmad, J. Phys. Chem. 75:2001 (1971).
Ahmad, S.I., and S.E. Friberg, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94:5196 (1972).
Friberg, S., and I. Burasczenska, Progr. Colloid Polymer Sci. 63:1–9 (1979).
Venable, R.L., and D.A. Weingaertner, J. Dispersion Sci. Techn. 4(4):425–430 (1983).
Venable, R.L., and R.V. Nauman, J. Phys. Chem. 68:3498 (1964).
Sjoblom, E., and S. Friberg, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 67:16 (1978).
Gerbacia, W., and H.L. Rosano, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 44:242 (1973).
Rosano, H.L., J. Soc. Cosmetic Chem. 25:609 (1974).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Venable, R.L. Microemulsions with excellent water solubilizing capacity at high hydrocarbon levels with quaternary ammonium salts as surfactants. J Am Oil Chem Soc 62, 128–133 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02541510
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02541510