Abstract
Effects of pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in mouse mammary fat pads and nonmammary adipose tissues have been studied. In order to address the question whether the influence of hormonal milieu on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation is the same as in fat cells, we have studied the mobilization of lipids and metabolism of fatty acids in the intact mammary glands, parenchyma-free mammary fat pads and in the perimetrial fat tissues of virgin, pregnant and lactating mice. Compared to parenchyma-free mammary fat pads, the perimetrial adipose tissues accumulated 5-fold higher levels of triglycerides during pregnancy. Mammary fat cells maintained overall lipid levels during pregnancy and lactation (16–20 μg/fat pad). In contrast, lactation depleted total lipid stores from 108 ± 5 to 24 ± 4.5 μg/fat pad in perimetrial fat pads. Results of comparative analysis of fatty acid composition of mammary fat pads, with and without epithelial tissue, from virgin and lactating mice showed stimulation of 18∶2ω6 metabolism leading to 130% increase in the ratio 20∶4ω6 to 18∶2ω6 in the epithelial compartment. Pregnancy and lactation resulted in the elevation of 20∶4ω6 levels probably due to a 4-fold increase in Δ5 desaturase activity and a decrease in oxidative degradation of 18∶2ω6. These results suggest that, unlike other adipose tissues, the metabolic pathways in mammary fat cells are not dedicated to sequestration and accumulation of dietary lipids during pregnancy. Lactation favors mammary epithelial cell-stimulated production of precursors of eicosanoids which are known to have agonist-like effect on mammary epithelial cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AFP:
-
abdominal fat pad
- CMFP:
-
cleared mammary fat pad
- DG:
-
diglycerides
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EFA:
-
essential fatty acids
- HPLC:
-
high-performance liquid chromatography
- IMFP:
-
imact mammary fat pad
- LPL:
-
lipoprotein lipase
- PL:
-
phospholipids
- TG:
-
triglycerides
- TLC:
-
thin-layer chromatography
References
Topper, Y.J., and Freeman, C.S. (1980)Physiol. Rev. 60, 1049–1106.
Imagawa, W., Bandyopadhyay, G.K., and Nandi, S. (1990)Endocrinol. Rev. 11, 49–523.
Vernon, R.G., and Flint, D.J. (1984) inPhysiological Strategies in Lactation (Peaker, M., Vernon, R.G., and Knight, C.H., eds.) pp. 119–145, Academic Press, London.
Smith, G.H., Crabtree, B., and Smith, R.A. (1983) inBiochemistry of Lactation (Mepham, T.B., ed.) pp. 121–140, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Dils, R.R. (1983) inBiochemistry of Lactation (Mepham, T.B., eds.) pp. 141–157, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Mayer, R.J. (1978)Vitamins and Hormones, 36, 101–163.
McNamara, J.P. (1991)J. Dairy Sci. 74, 706–719.
Williamson, D.H. (1980)FEBS Lett. (Suppl.), 117, K93-K105.
Ros, M., Lobato, M.J.F., Ruiz-Garcia, J.P., and Moreno, F.J. (1990)Mol. Cell. Biochem., 93, 185–194.
Dayton, S., Hashimoto, S., and Pearce, M.L. (1967)J. Lipid Res. 8, 508–510.
Body, D.R. (1988)Prog. Lipid Res. 27, 39–60.
van Staveren, W.A., Deurenberg, P., Katan, M.B., Burema, J., de Groot, L.C.P.G.M., and Hoffmans, M.D.A.F. (1986)Am. J. Epidemiol.123, 455–463.
Knazek, R.A., and Liu, S.C. (1979)Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 162, 346–350.
Knazek, R.A., Liu, S.C., Bodwin, J.S., and Vonderhaar, B.K. (1980)J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 64, 377–382.
Miyamoto-Tiaven, M.J., Hillyard, L.A., and Abraham, S. (1981)J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 67, 179–188.
Faulkin, L.J., Abraham, S., Mitchell, D.J., and Hillyard, L.A. (1986)Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 181, 575–585.
Faulkin, L.J., and DeOme, K.B. (1960)J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 24, 953–959.
Hoshino, K. (1964)Anat. Rec. 150, 221–235.
Hoshino, K. (1978) inPhysiology of Mammary Glands (Yokoyama, A., Mizuno, H., and Nagasawa, H., eds.) pp. 165–227, Japan Scientific Societies, Tokyo.
Shyamala, G., and Ferenczy, A. (1984)Endocrinology 110, 1078–1081.
Haslam, S.Z. (1988)Endocrinology 122, 860–867.
Haslam, S.Z., and Counterman, L.J. (1991)Endocrinology 129, 2017–2023.
McNarnara, J.P., Dehoff, M.H., and Collier, R.J. (1985)J. Animal Sci. 61, 410–415.
Blachier, F., Lacroix, M., Ahmud, A.M., Leger, C., and Ollivier-Bousquet, M. (1988)Prostaglandins 35, 259–276.
Bandyopadhyay, G., Imagawa, W., Wallace, D., and Nandi, S. (1988)J. Biol. Chem. 262 7567–2756.
Bandyopadhyay, G., Imagawa, W., Wallace, D., and Nandi, S. (1988)J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7567–7573.
Levay-Young, B.K., Bandyopadhyay, G.K., and Nandi, S., (1987)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 8448–8452.
DeOme, K.B., Faulkin, L.J., Bern, H.A., and Blair, P.B. (1959)Cancer Res. 19, 515–520.
Topper, Y.J., Oka, T., and Vonderhaar, B.K. (1975)Methods Enzymol. 39, 443–454.
Bandyopadhyay, G.K., McKenzie, K.E., Imagawa, W., and Nandi, S. (1989)Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158, 730–736.
Dittmer, J.C., and Wells, M.A. (1969)Methods Enzymol. 14, 482–530.
Snyder, F., and Stephens, N. (1959)Biochim. Biophys. Acta 34, 244–245.
Ames, B.N. (1966)Methods Enzymol. 8, 115–118.
Mandon, E.C., de Gomez-Dumm, I.N.T., de Alaniz, M.J.T., Marra, C.A., and Brenner, R.R. (1984)J. Lipid Res. 28, 1377–1383.
Nicoll, C.S., and Tucker, H.A. (1965)Life Sci. 4, 993–1001.
Kuhn, N.J. (1977)Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 41, 16–192.
Ashby, J.P., Shirling, D., and Baird, J.D. (1982)J. Endocrinol. 93, 391–395.
Shirling, D., Ashby, J.P., and Baird, J.D. (1981)J. Endocrinol. 90, 285–294.
Knopp, R.H., Saudek, C.D., Arky, R.A., and O'Sullivan, J.B. (1973)Endocrinology 92, 984–988.
Flint, D.J., Sinnett-Smith, P.A., Clegg, R.A., and Vernon, R.G. (1979)Biochem. J. 182, 421–427.
Hamosh, M., Clary, T.R., Chernick, S.S., and Scow, R.O. (1970)Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 210, 473–482.
Scow, R.O., and Chernick, S.S. (1987) inLipoprotein Lipase (Borensztajn, J., ed.) pp. 149–186, Evener, Chicago.
Baldwin, R.L., and Yang, Y.T. (1974) inLactation: A Comprehensive Treatise (Larson, B.L., and Smith, V.R., eds.) vol. 1, pp. 349–411, Academic Press, New York.
Vernon, R.G., and Flint, D.J. (1983)Proc. Nutr. Soc. 42 315–331.
Camps, L., Reina, M., Llobera, M., Vilaro, S., and Olivecrona, T. (1990)Am. J. Physiol. 258, C673-C681.
de Gomez-Dumm, I.N.T., de Alaniz, M.J.T., and Brenner, R.R. (1983)Lipids 18, 781–788.
Brenner, R.R. (1981)Prog. Lipid Res. 20, 41–47.
Rao, G.A., and Abraham, S. (1975)Lipids 7, 409–412.
Robinson, A.M., and Williamson, D.H. (1978)Biochem. J. 170, 609–613.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Bandyopadhyay, G.K., Lee, LY., Guzman, R.C. et al. Effect of reproductive states on lipid mobilization and linoleic acid metabolism in mammary glands. Lipids 30, 155–162 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02538269
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02538269