Abstract
The effect of chitosan feeding (for 21 days) on intestinal bile acids was studied in male rats. Serum cholesterol levels in rats fed a commercial diet low in cholesterol were decreased by chitosan supplementation. Chitosan inhibited the transformation of cholesterol to coprostanol without causing a qualitative change in fecal excretion of these neutral sterols. Increased fiber consumption did not increase fecal excretion of bile acids, but caused a marked change in fecal bile acid composition. Litcholic acid increased sigificantly, deoxycholic acid increased to a leasser extent, whereas hyodeoxycholic acid and the 6β-isomer and 5-epimeric 3α-hydroxy-6-keto-cholanoic acid(s) decreased. The pH in the cecum and colon became elevated by chitosan feeding which affected the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids in the large intestine. In the cecum, chitosan feeding increased the concentration of α-,β-, and ω-muricholic acids, and lithocholic acid. However, the levels of hyodeoxycholic acid and its 6β-isomer, of monohydroxy-monoketo-cholanoic acids, and of 3α, 6ξ, 7ξ-trihydroxy-cholanoic acid decreased. The data suggest that chitosan feeding affects the metabolism of intestinal bile acids in rats.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GC/MS:
-
gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
- MC:
-
muricholic acid
- HD:
-
hyodeoxydiolic acid
References
Sugano, M., Fujikawa, T., Hiratsuji, Y., and Hasegawa, Y. (1978)Nutr. Rept. Int. 18, 531–537.
Nagyvary, J.J., Falk, J.D., Hill, M.L., Schmidt, M.L., Wilkins, A.K., and Bradbury, E.L. (1979)Nutr. Rept. Int. 20, 677–684.
Kobayashi, T., Otsuka, S., and Yugari, Y. (1979)Nutr. Rept. Int. 19, 327–334.
Sugano, M., Fujikawa, T., Hiratzuji, Y., Nakashima, K., Fukuda, N., and Hasegawa, Y. (1980)Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 33, 787–793.
Sugano, M., Watanabe, S., Kishi, A., Izume, M., and Ohtakara, A. (1988)Lipids 23, 187–191.
Vahouny, G.V., Satchithanandam, S., Cassidy, M.M., Lightfoot, F.B., and Furda, I. (1983)Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 38, 278–284.
Samuelsson, B. (1960)J. Biol. Chem. 235, 361–366.
Norman, A., and Sjövall, J. (1960)Acta Chem. Scand. 14, 1815–1818.
Norman, A., and Sjövall, J. (1958)J. Biol. Chem. 233, 872–885.
Hill, M.J. (1986) inDietary Fiber. Basic and Clinical Aspects. Vahouny, G.V., and Kritchevsky, D., eds.) pp. 497–513, Plenum Press, New York.
Palmer, R.H., and Hruban, Z. (1966)J. Clin. Invest. 45, 1255–1267.
Heaton, K.W. (1986) inDietary Fiber. Basic and Clinical Aspects. (Vahouny, G.V., and Kritchevsky, D., eds.) pp. 411–426, Plenum Press, New York.
Story, J.A., and Thomas, J.N. (1982) inDietary Fiber in Health and Disease (Vahouny, G.V., and Kritchevsky, D., eds.) pp. 193–201, Plenum, New York.
Hylemon, P.B. (1985) inSterols and Bile Acids (Danielsson, H., and Sjövall, J., eds.) pp. 331–343, Elsevier Sciece Publishers, Amsterdam.
Vahouny, G.V., Khalafi, R., Satchithanandam, S., Watkins, D.W., Story, J.A., Cassidy, M.M., and Kritchevsky, D. (1987)J. Nutr. 117, 2009–2015.
Thomas, P.J., Hsia, S.L., Matschiner, J.T., Thayer, S.A., Elliott, W.H., Doisy, Jr., E.A., and Doisy, E.A. (1965)J. Biol. Chem. 240, 1059–1063.
Bergström, S., Goransson, A., and Samuelsson, B. (1959)Acta Chem. Scand. 13, 1761–1766.
Dietschy, J.M., and Siperstein, M.D. (1965)J. Clin. Invest. 44, 1311–1327.
Ayaki, Y., Endo, S., Ogura, Y., and Ogura, M. (1988)Lipids 23, 169–177.
Ayaki, Y., Tsuma-Date, T., Endo, S., and Ogura, M. (1981)Steroids 38, 495–509.
Haslewood, G.A.D. (1967) inBile Salts (Haslewood, G.A.D., ed.) pp. 6–16, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London.
Myant, N.B. (1981) inThe Biology of Cholesterol and Related Steroids (Myant, N.B., ed.) pp. 125–159; 449–504, William Heinenmann Medical Books Ltd., London.
Swell, L., Trout, Jr. E.C., Hopper, J.R., Field, Jr. H., and Treadwell, C.R. (1958)J. Biol. Chem. 232, 108.
Portman, O.W. (1958)Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 78, 125–137.
Bergström, S., Rottenberg, M., and Sjövall, J. (1953)Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 295, 278–285.
Mahowald, T.A., Matschiner, J.T., Hsia, S.L., Richter, R., Doisy, Jr., E.A., Elliott, W.H., and Doisy, E.A. (1957)J. Biol. Chem. 225, 781–793.
Elliott, W.H. (1985) inSterols and Bile Acids (Danielsson, H., and Sjövall, J., eds.) pp. 303–329, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.
Zimniak, P., Holsztynska, E.J., Lester, R., Waxman, D.J., and Radominska, A. (1989)J. Lipid Res. 30, 907–918.
Macdonald, I.A., Singh, G., Mahony, D.E., and Meier, C.E. (1978)Steroids 32, 245–256.
Cohen, B.I., Raicht, R.F., Salen, G., and Mosbach, E.H. (1975)Anal. Biochem. 64, 565–577.
Sacquet, E., Van Heijenoort, Y., Riottot, M., and Leprince, C. (1975)Biochim. Biophys. Acta 380, 52–65.
Madsen, D., Beaver, M., Chang, L., Bruckner-Kardoss, E., and Wostmann, B. (1976)J. Lipids Res. 17, 107–111.
Brydon, W.G., Tadesse, K., Eastwood, M.F., and Lawson, M.E., (1980)Br. J. Nutr. 43, 101–106.
Sacquet, E.C., Raibaud, P.M., Mejean, C., Riottot, M.J., Leprince, C., and Leglise, P.C. (1979)Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37, 1127–1131.
Eyssen, H., De Pauw, G., Stragier, J., and Verhulst, A. (1983)Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 141–147.
Story, J.A. (1986) inDietary Fiber. Basic and Clinical Aspects. (Vahouny, G.V., and Kritchevsky, D., eds.) pp. 253–264, Plenum Press, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Fukada, Y., Kimura, K. & Ayaki, Y. Effect of chitosan feeding on intestinal bile acid metabolism in rats. Lipids 26, 395–399 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537206
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537206