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Phanerozoic oncoids—an overview

Phanerozoische Onkoide—ein Überblick

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Summary

Two main groups of oncoids—spongio-stromate oncoids and porostromate oncoids (mainlyGirvanella)—existed in different environmental settings during the Phanerozoic. From the Cambrian to the Jurassic, porostromate oncoids fluorished in marine subtidal environments.Girvanella oncoids may be tentatively regarded as an indicator of deposition under conditions of slow sedimentation rate. As opposed to this, spongiostromate oncoids occured in lacustrine and, in association with stromatolites, transitional continental-marine environments. Starting from the Jurassic, spongio-stromate oncoids replaced porostromate oncoids and became the only type of oncoids in marine settings, and continued to flourish in lacustrine environments. Starting from the Eocene, spongiostromate oncoids are replaced in marine settings by rhodoids.

Zusammenfassung

Ein vergleichender Überblick über die Struktur von Onkoiden (durch Cyanobakterien gebildete “Algen-Knollen”) aus dem Zeitraum Kambrium bis Gegenwart zeigt, daß die beiden Hauptgruppen (spongiostromate Onkoide und porostromate Onkoide) in verschiedenen Milieubereichen auftreten. Porostromate Onkoide (meistGirvanella) dominieren vom Kambrium bis zum Jura in marinen subtidalen Räumen.Girvanella-Onkoide können mit Vorbehalt als Hinweise auf eine herabgesetzte Sedimentationsrate gewertet werden. Spongiostromate Onkoide treten in lakustrinen und—in Verbindung mit Stromatolithen—in randmarinen Bereichen auf. Ab dem Jura ersetzen die spongiostromaten Onkoide die porostromaten Onkoide in marinen Bereichen, treten jedoch auch noch weiterhin in lakustrinen Bereichen auf. Die marinen spongiostromaten Onkoide werden ab dem Eozän durch Rhodoide (gebildet durch Rotalgen) ersetzt.

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  1. Instytut Geologiczny, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975, Warszawa

    Tadeusz Marek Peryt

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Peryt, T.M. Phanerozoic oncoids—an overview. Facies 4, 197–213 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536588

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