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Dietary fat effects on hepatic lipid peroxidation and enzymes of H2O2 metabolism and NADPH Generation

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Lipids

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fat quantity and fatty acid composition on hepatic H2O2-metabolizing systems, activities of NADPH-generating enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Onemonth-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed one of six diets: (i) 5% fat, rich in 18∶2n−6 fatty acid (5% N−6); (ii) 20% fat, rich in 18∶3n−3 (N−3); (iii) 20% fat, rich in 18∶2n−6 (N−6); (iv) 20% fat, rich in 18∶1n−9 (N−9); (v) 20% fat, rich in saturated fatty acids (SAT); and (vi) 20% fat, deficient in essential fatty acids (EFAD); for 11 wk. Comparisons between animal groups receiving different fat quantities showed that activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) and malic enzyme (ME, EC 1.1.1.40) and the levels of conjugated dienes were significantly lower in the N−6 than in 5% N−6 group. Conversely, activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and seleniumglutathione peroxidase (SeGSHPx, EC 1.11.1.9) were higher in the N−6 than in 5% N−6 group. Among the five dietary groups receiving 20% fat but differing in fatty acid composition, CAT activity was lower in the N−9 group, SeGSHPx activity was lower in the EFAD group, and glutathione reductase (GSSGR, EC 1.6.4.2) activity was higher in the N−6 than in the N−3, N−9, SAT and EFAD groups. The EFAD group had much higher levels of total lipids and conjugated dienes, as well as activities of NADPH-generating enzymes, including G6PDH, ME and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), than the other four high-fat groups. The hepatic levels of malondialdehyde were not different among the five groups fed 20% fat. In the EFAD group, higher hepatic lipid content can be attributed to higher activities of NADPH-generating enzymes, and the elevation of conjugated diene levels may be related to increased oxygenation of 20∶−6 (Mead acid)via the lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase pathway. In short, both dietary fat quantity and fatty acid composition selectively affected hepatic H2O2-metabolizing systems, activities of NADPH-generating enzymes and lipid peroxidation status.

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Abbreviations

BSA:

bovine serum albumin

CAT:

catalase (EC 1.11.1.6)

EFA:

essential fatty acid

EFAD:

essential fatty acid deficiency

G6P:

glucose-6-phosphate

G6PDH:

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49)

GSH:

reduced blutathione

GSSG:

oxidized glutathione

GSSGR:

glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2)

ICDH:

isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42)

MDA:

malondialdehyde

ME:

malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40)

SAT:

saturated fatty acid(s)

SeGSHPx:

selenium-glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)

TBA:

2-thiobarbituric acid

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Author notes

  1. Li-Chuan Chen

    Present address: Differentiation Control Section, Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Building 37 Room 3A-13, 20892, Bethesda, MD

  2. Michael G. Hayek

    Present address: USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, 02111, Boston, MA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 40506, Lexington, Kentucky

    Li-Chuan Chen, Gilbert Boissonneault & Ching K. Chow

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 40506, Lexington, Kentucky

    Gilbert Boissonneault

  3. Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 40506, Lexington, Kentucky

    Gilbert Boissonneault, Michael G. Hayek & Ching K. Chow

  4. Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Kentucky, 212 Funkhouser Building, 40506-0054, Lexington, KY

    Ching K. Chow

Authors
  1. Li-Chuan Chen
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Chen, LC., Boissonneault, G., Hayek, M.G. et al. Dietary fat effects on hepatic lipid peroxidation and enzymes of H2O2 metabolism and NADPH Generation. Lipids 28, 657–662 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536062

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536062

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