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Effect of ethanol on low density lipoprotein and platelet composition

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Lipids

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanol (EtOH) dose on low density lipoprotein (LDL) and platelet composition. Male squirrel monkeys were divided into three groups designated Control, Low, and High EtOH, and fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0%, 12%, and 24% of calories as EtOH, respectively. After four months of treatment, monkeys fed the 12% alcohol dose had LDL and platelet cholesterol concentrations similar to Controls. By contrast, platelet membranes from High EtOH animals contained significantly more cholesterol which was associated with higher levels of plasma LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Blood platelet count, size, and mass were similar for all groups and circulating platelet aggregates were absent in the two alcohol cohorts. Despite elevations in platelet cholesterol mass and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) precursor, phospholipid arachidonate, platelet responsiveness, measured as thromboxane formed in response to a collagen challengein vitro, and the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ration, were not significantly altered by high dose alcohol. Normal platelet activity in High EtOH monkeys may have resulted from a significant increase in the platelet phospholipid polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and a non-significant increase in platelet phospholipid mass, both of which would have a fluidizing effect on platelet membranes. Our data indicate that low EtOH intake has no effect on platelet composition and function while unfavorable platelet cholesterol enrichment following consumption of high dose ethanol may arise from elevations in plasma LDL. Potentially thrombogenic (TXA2 formation, platelet aggregate formation) consequences of increased platelet cholesterol in squirrel monkeys fed high levels of alcohol may be averted by compensatory physicochemical changes in platelet membrane lipid composition although persistent elevations in circulating LDL may contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lipid Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lowell, O1854, Lowell, Massachusetts

    Jerome L. Hojnacki, Joanne E. Cluette-Brown, Randall N. Deschenes, John J. Mulligan, Thaddeus V. Osmolski & Nicholas J. Rencricca

  2. Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, 53295, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

    Joseph J. Barboriak

  3. Eli Lilly and Co., 46285, Indianapolis, Indiana

    Joseph A. Jakubowski

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  1. Jerome L. Hojnacki
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Hojnacki, J.L., Cluette-Brown, J.E., Deschenes, R.N. et al. Effect of ethanol on low density lipoprotein and platelet composition. Lipids 26, 884–890 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535972

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