Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The content and composition of sterols and sterol esters in low erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus)

  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

The low temperature crystallization technique for the enrichment of “minor” components, such as sterols and sterol esters, from vegetable oils was applied to low erucic acid rapeseed oils. The recovery of free sterols and sterol esters was estimated by use of14C-cholesterol and14C-cholesterol oleate. 80% of the free sterols and 45% of the sterol esters were recovered in the liquid fraction, while in two studies total recoveries were 95% and 99%, respectively. This technique showed some selectivity toward the sterol bound fatty acids when compared to direct preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the crude oil. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the free and esterified sterols as TMS-derivatives showed very little selectivity in the enrichment procedure. The fatty acid patterns of the sterol esters demonstrated, however, a preference in the liquid fraction for those sterol esters which have a high linoleic and linolenic acid content. The content of free sterols was 0.3–0.4% and that of sterol esters 0.7–1.2% of the rapeseed oils in both winter and summer types of low erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus) when the lipid classes were isolated by direct preparative TLC of the oils. The free sterols in the seven cultivars or breeding lines analyzed were composed of 44–55% sitosterol, 27–36% campesterol, 17–21% brassicasterol, and a trace of cholesterol. The esterified sterols were 47–57% sitosterol, 36–44% campesterol, 6–9% brassicasterol, and traces of cholesterol and Δ5-avenasterol. The fatty acid patterns of these esters were characterized by ca. 30% oleic acid and ca. 50% linoleic acid, whereas these acids constitute 60% and 20%, respectively, of the total fatty acids in the oil. Little or no variation in sterol and sterol ester patterns with locality within Sweden was observed for the one cultivar of summer rapeseed investigated by the low temperature crystallization technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Knights, B.A., and A.M.M. Berrie, Phytochemistry 10:131 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Itoh, T., T. Tamura, and T. Matsumoto, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 50:122 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mordret, F., and J.P. Helme, in “Proc. 4. Intern. Rapskongress,” Giessen, 1974, p. 283.

  4. Seher, A., and E. Homberg, in “Proc. 4. Intern. Rapskongress,” Giessen, 1974, p. 301.

  5. Mannino, S., and G. Amelotti, Riv. Ital. Sost. Grasse 52:79 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Touche, J., M. Derbesy, M. Cas, and J. Estienne, Ann. Fals. Exp. Chim. No. 726 68:99 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Castang, J., M. Olle, M. Derbesy, and J. Estienne, Ann. Fals. Exp. Chim. No. 737 69:57 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Homberg, E.E., Phytochemistry 15:1361 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Seher, A., and H. Vogel, Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 78:301 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zürcher, K., H. Haclorn, and Ch. Strack, Dtsch. Lebensm. Rundschau. 72:345 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Maruyama, T., and T. Tamura, Yukagaku 26:730 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mordret, F., A. Prevot, and J.-P. Wolff, Ann. Fals. Exp. Chim. No. 750 70:87 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. FAO/WHO Codex Committee on Fats and Oils, Report of 9th Session ALINORM 78/17, 1977, pp. 10–35.

  14. Seher, A., in “Lipids,” Vol. 2, Edited by R. Paoletti, G. Jacini and G. Porcellati, Raven Press, New York, 1976, p. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Boskow, D., and I.D. Morton, J. Sci. Food Agric. 26:1149 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Boskow, D., and I.D. Morton, J. Sci. Food Agric. 27:928 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sims, R.J., J.A. Fioriti, and M.J. Kanuk, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 49:298 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jacini, G., E. Fedeli, and A. Lanzani, JAOAC 50:84 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Johansson, A., Proc. 9th Scand. Symp. on Lipids, Visby, Sweden, June 1977.

  20. Troeng, S., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 32:124 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Appelqvist, L-Å., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 44:209 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Appelqvist, L-Å., Ark. Kemi 28:551 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Fedeli, E., A. Lanzani, P. Capella, and G. Jacini, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 43:254 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Appelqvist, L-Å., in “The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae,” Edited by J.G. Vaughan, A.J. MacLeod, and B.M.G. Jones, Academic Press, London, 1976, pp. 221–277.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Knights, B.A., J. Gas Chromatogr. 5:273 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hirsch, J., and E.H. Ahrens, J. Biol. Chem. 233:311 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Melchert, H.-U., Dtsch. Lebensm. Rundschau. 71:400 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kiuchi, K., T. Ohta, and H. Ebine, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 13:461 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jacini, G., and E. Fedeli, Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 77:1 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. McKillican, M.E., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 43:461 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gutfinger, T., and A. Letan, J. Sci. Food Agric. 25:1143 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Homberg, E., Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 79:234 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Roslagsvägen 101, S-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

    Anna Johansson & Lars-Åke Appelqvist

Authors
  1. Anna Johansson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lars-Åke Appelqvist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

About this article

Cite this article

Johansson, A., Appelqvist, LÅ. The content and composition of sterols and sterol esters in low erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus). Lipids 13, 658–665 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02533742

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02533742

Keywords

Search

Navigation