Abstract
Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are intermediate filament proteins expressed in the cytoplasm of various types of cells. The head domains of these proteins are phosphoralated by various protein kinases. Site- and phosphorylation-specific antibodies which recognize a phosphorylated serine/threonine residue in the head domains and its flanking sequence provide a useful tool to monitor and visualize protein kinase activities in single cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Krebs, E. G. 1994. The growth of research on protein phosphorylation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:439.
Schulman, H., and Greengard, P. 1978. Stimulation of brain membrane protein phosphorylation by calcium and an endogenous heat-stable protein. Nature 271:478–479.
Nishizuka, Y. 1984. The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumour promotion. Nature 308:693–698.
Beavo, J. A., Bechtel, P. J., and Krebs, E. G. 1974. Preparation of homogeneous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase(s) and its subunits from rabbit skeletal muscle. Methods Enzyol. 38:299–308.
Griffith, L. C., and Schulman, H. 1988. The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase mediates Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 263:9542–9549.
Fackler, M. J., Civin, C. I., Sutherland, D. R., Baker, M. A., and May, W. S. 1990. Activated protein kinase C directly phosphorylates the CD34 antigen on hematopoietic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265:11056–11061.
Molloy, S. S. and Kennedy, M. B. 1991. Autophosphorylation of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in cultures of postnatal rat hippocampal slices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4756–4760.
Fukunaga, K., Soderling, T. R., and Miyamoto, E. 1992. Activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C by glutamate in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 267:22527–22533.
Kraft, A. S., and Anderson, W. B. 1983. Phorbol esters increase the amount of Ca2+, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase associated with plasma membrane. Nature 301:621–623.
Chida, K., Hashiba, H., Sasaki, K., and Kuroki, T. 1986. Activation of protein kinase C and specific phosphorylation of a Mr 90,000 membrane protein of promotable BALB/3T3 and C3H/10T1/2 cells by tumor prooters. Cancer Res. 46:1055–1062.
Franke, W. W., Schmid, E., Schiller, D. L., Winter, S., Jarasch, E. D., Moll, R., Denk, H., Jackson, B. W., and Illmensee, K. 1982. Differentiation-related patterns of expression of proteins of intermediate-size filaments in tissues and cultured cells. Cold Spring Harber Symp. Quant. Biol. 46:431–453.
Inagaki, M., Nakamura, Y., Takeda, M., Nishimura, T., and Inagaki, N. 1994. Glfal fibrillary acidic protein: dynamic property and regulation by phosphorylation. Brain Pathology 4:239–243.
Tsujimura, K., Tanaka, J., Ando, S., Matsuoka, Y., Kusubata, M., Sugiura, H., Yamauchi, T., and Inagaki, M. 1994. Identification of phosphorylation sites on glial fibrillary acidic protein for cdc2 kinase and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. J., Biochem. 116:426–434.
Ogawara, M., Inagaki, N., Tsujimura, K., Takai, Y., Sekimata, M., Ha, M.H., Imajoh-Ohmi, S., Hirai, S.-I., Ohno, S., Sugiura, H., Yamauchi, T., and Inagaki, M. 1995. Differential targeting of protein kinase C and CaM kinase II signalings to vientin. J. Cell Biol. 131:1055–1066.
Inagaki, M., Nishi, Y., Nishizawa, K., Matsuyama, M., and Sato, C. 1987. Site-specific phosphorylation induces disassembly of vimentin filament in vitro. Nature 328:649–652.
Inagaki, M., Gonda, Y., Matsuyama, M., Nishizawa, K., Nishi, Y., and Sato, C. 1988. Intermediate filament reconstitution in vitro; the role of phosphorylation on the assembly-disassembly of desmin. J. Biol. Chem. 263:5970–5978.
Sternberger, L. A. and Sternberger, N. H. 1983. Monoclonal antibodies distinguish phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of neurofilaments in situ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 80:6126–6130.
Meiri, K. F., Bickerstaff, L. E., and Schwob, J. E. 1991. Monoclonal antibodies show that kinase C phosphorylation of GAP-43 during axogenesis is both spatially and temporally restricted in vivo. J. Cell Biol. 112:991–1005.
Nishizawa, K., Yano, T., Shibata, M., Ando, S., Saga, S., Takahashi, T., and Inagaki, M. 1991. Specific localization of phosphointermediate filament protein in the constricted area of dividing cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266:3074–3079.
Matsuoka, Y., Nishizawa, K., Yano, T., Shibata, M., Ando, S., Takahashi, T., and Inagaki, M. 1992. Two different protein kinases act on a different time schedule as glial filament kinases during mitosis. EMBO J. 11:2895–2902.
Inagaki, N., Ito, M., Nakano, T., and Inagaki, M. 1994. Spatiotemporal distribution of protein kinase and phosphatase activities. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:448–452.
Hanson, P. I., and Schulman, H. 1992. Neuronal Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:559–601.
Nurse, P. 1990. Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344:503–508.
Tsujimura, K., Ogawara, M., Takeuchi, Y., Imajoh-Ohmi, S., Ha, M. H., and Inagaki, M. 1994. Visualization and function of vimentin phosphorylaton by cdc2 kinase during mitosis. J. Biol. Chem. 269:31097–31106.
Kamei, Y., Inagaki, N., Tsutsumi, O., Taketani, Y., and Inagaki, M. 1995. Distribution and morphological features of mitotic glial cells in the developing rat brain, submitted.
Inagaki, N., Fukui, H., Ito, S., Yamatodani, A., and Wada, H., 1991. Single type-2 astrocytes show multiple independent sites of Ca2+ signaling in response to histamine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4215–4219.
Berninger, B., Inagaki, N., Thoenen, H., and Lindholm, D. 1994. Spanal heterogeneity of Ca2+ signaling by brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons. Abs. Soc. Neurosci. 20:45.
Mochly-Rosen, D. 1995. Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: a theme in signal transduction. Science 268:247–251.
Inagaki, N., Ogawara, M., Ando, S., and Inagaki, M. 1996. Intracellular signaling of positional information from Ca2+ via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II to vimentin, submitted.
Sekimata, M., Tsujimura, K., Tanaka, J., Takeuchi, Y., Inagaki, N., and Inagaki, M. 1996. Detection of protein kinase activity specifically activated at metaphase-anaphase transition. J. Cell Biol. 132:635–641.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dedicated to Prof. Hans Theoenen who supported N. I.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Inagaki, N., Tsujimura, K., Tanaka, J. et al. Visualization of protein kinase activities in single cells by antibodies against phosphorylated vimentin and GFAP. Neurochem Res 21, 795–800 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02532302
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02532302