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Morphin-Retardgranulat zur Therapie inkurabler Schmerzen tumorbedingter und nichttumorbedingter Genese

Slow-release morphine liquid suspension for the therapy of cancer pain and non-cancer pain—A pilot study

Pilotstudie

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Abstract

Introduction

For pain therapy different methods of application are essential, because side effects or swallowing difficulties may prevent the natural oral application of analgesics. Up to now only tablets have been available for sustained-release morphine. We investigated a suspension of this drug in different pain states.

Method

Slow-release morphine liquid suspension was administered for 3 weeks in two different groups of patients. Group I included patients previously on a combination of non-opioid analgesics and weak opioids with unsatisfactory pain relief (pain scores > 5 of VAS 0–10). Group II were patients with well-controlled pain on strong-acting opioids. In these patients, the medication was changed to slow-release morphine liquid suspension. Intensity of pain, capacity, subjective feelings and side effects were recorded throughout the investigation period.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included in the study, 8 in group I, 10 in group II. Twelve patients suffered from cancer pain. A pain reduction of at least 50% was achieved in 6 of 8 patients in group I. In 4 of 10 patients in group II the pain relief already obtained was improved further. In 8 of 18 patients the study had to be terminated. The reasons for this were unsatisfactory pain relief, increasing side effects distaste on intake. The average daily dose of morphine in group I was 132.5 mg, 151 mg in group II. Capacity did not change under slow-release morphine suspension. Constipation was the most, frequent side effect (67%). Ninety-three percent of all patients described the sweetish taste of the liquid preparation as unpalatable.

Discussion

These first results show that liquid slow-release morphine suspension can provide pain relief similar to slow-release morphine tablets. Consequently, slow-release liquid morphine suspension provides a suitable alternative, especially in patients with swallowing disorders.

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Schluckstörungen oder Sondenernährung steht in Deutschland bisher kein retardiertes Morphin in geeigneter Form zur Verfügung. Ein neues, retardiertes Granulat von Morphin kann in flüssiger Form verabreicht werden. In einer klinischen Pilotstudie wurden an Patienten mit inkurablen tumorbedingten und nicht-tumorbedingten, Schmerzen die Wirksamkeit, Wirkungsdauer, Nebenwirkungen und Verträglichkeit von Morphin-Retardgranulat getestet. Morphin-Retardgranulat wurde 2 verschiedenen Patienten-gruppen über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 3 Wochen verabreicht. Zur Gruppe I gehörten Patienten, die mit Nichtopioidanalgetika in Kombination mit schwachen Opioidanalgetika nicht ausreichend schmerzgedämpft waren (Schmerz-intensität>5 bei VAS 0–10 cm). Die Gruppe II umfaßte Patienten, die bereits auf starke Opioide eingestellt waren und statt dessen auf Morphin-Retardgranulat ungestellt wurden. Während des Untersuchungszeitraumes wurden Schmerz-intensität, Leistungsfähigkeit, subjektive Befindlichkeit und Neben-wirkungen erfaßt. Insgesamt wurden 18 Patienten in die Studie aufgenommen, 8 Patienten in Gruppe I und 10 Patienten in Gruppe II. Insgesamt 12 Patienten litten unter tumorbedingten Schmerzen. In Gruppe I wurde bei 6 von 8 Patienten eine Schmerzreduktion um mindestens 50% erreicht. In Gruppe II konnte bie 4 von 10 Patienten die vorher bereits erzielte Schmerzreduktion noch weiter verbessert werden. Bei 8 der insgesamt 18 Patienten mußte die Studie vorzeitig abgebrochen werden: Gründe dafür waren unzureichende Schmerzreduktion, Zunahme der Nebenwirkungen, Ekelgefühle bei der Einnahme. Die durchschnittliche Tagesdosis Morphin-Retardgranulat gesdosis Morphin-Retardgranulat betrug in Gruppe I 132,5 mg, in Gruppe II 151 mg. Die Leistungsfähigkeit veränderte sich unter Morphin-Retardgranulat nicht. Obstipation war die häufigste Nebenwirkung (67%). Von 93% der Patienten wurde der süßliche Geschmack der Granulatzubereitung als unangenehm angegeben. Durch Morphin-Retardgranulat wird nach diesen ersten Ergebnissen eine ähnliche Schmerzreduktion erzielt, wie sie für retardierte, Morphintabletten nachgewiesen ist. Morphin-Retardgranulat könnte damit eine gute Alternative von allem für Patienten mit Schluckstörungen darstellen.

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Strumpf, M., Donner, B. & Zenz, M. Morphin-Retardgranulat zur Therapie inkurabler Schmerzen tumorbedingter und nichttumorbedingter Genese. Schmerz 9, 140–146 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530132

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