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Traumatisch ausgelöste Migräneattacken (TAMA) Eine Literaturübersicht

Trauma-triggered migraine attacks. Review of the literature

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Abstract

In children and young adults migraine attacks can be triggered by mild head injury. The literature on this syndrome was surveyed and 50 case reports found to meet the latest criteria of classification requiring at least two similar attacks for diagnosis of migraine (except for common migraine which was excluded from review). 33 subjects had at least one trauma-triggered attack and one identical or similar spontaneous attack, 17 cases at least two similar or identical trauma triggered attacks. An analysis of all cases showed the following features: The symptoms of migraine mostly start with a latency between one and thirty minutes after the injury and dissolve within one day. First attacks without mention of headache were mainly found in children younger than 8 years. Trauma-triggered migraine attacks are well documented for familial hemiplegic migraine, migraine attacks with hemispheric symptoms and attacks with disturbances of consciousness, while the view that posttraumatic transient cortical blindness and transient global amnesia are migraine attacks is insufficiently supported. A hereditary predisposition for a traumatic trigger mechanism seems to be present at least in familial hemiplegic migraine. Nosologic relations to syndromes of secondary neurological deterioration after mild head injury in childhood are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Migräneattacken können bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen durch leichte Schädeltraumen ausgelöst werden. Eine Literaturübersicht zeigt 50 Fälle mit folgenden Charakteristika: Die Migräne-symptomatik tritt meist mit einer Latenz von 1 bis zu 30 min nach dem Trauma in Erscheinung und klingt in der Regel innerhalb 1 Tages ab. Besonders gut belegt ist dies für die familiäre hemiplegische Migräne, hemisphärische Migränesymptome und Bewußtseinsstörungen. Von einer hereditären Prädisposition zur traumatischen Auslösbarkeit ist zumindest bei der familiären hemiplegischen Migräne auszugehen.

Während die Frage des Zusammenhanges von Kopftrauma und Migräne früher v.a. im Sinne einer Verursachung einesMigräneleidens durch eine Kopfverletzung diskutiert wurde, häufen sich in jüngerer Zeit Mitteilungen über durch leichte Schädeltraumen im Sinne einerTriggerfunktion ausgelösteeinzelne Migräneattacken. Matthews [31] beschrieb bei Fußballspielern, die beim Köpfen geringfügigen Schädelprellungen ausgesetzt sind, die “footballer's migraine”. Haas u. Lourie [20] prägten unter Berücksichtigung anderer Arten von Schädeltraumen den Begriff der “trauma-triggered migraine”. Der Terminus “traumatisch ausgelöste Migräneattacke” (TAMA) sollte eine Abgrenzung gegenüber den eingangs genannten Formen posttraumatischer Migräneleiden ermöglichen. Im folgenden soll das Krankheitsbild nach einer kritischen Durchsicht der Literatur nosologisch eingegrenzt und diskutiert werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland

    U. Thoden

  2. Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Hauptstr. 5, W-7800, Freiburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    W. Trabert

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Trabert, W., Thoden, U. Traumatisch ausgelöste Migräneattacken (TAMA) Eine Literaturübersicht. Schmerz 5, 78–87 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02529472

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