Abstract
Canada has recently faced two geodetic problems. Existing control on land must be rapidly upraged for resource development and for the coming redefinition of North American networks. Geodetic methods of managing territorial and lease boundaries in the offshore region are required. A series of developments in Doppler Satellite techniques begun in 1968 have contributed to the solution of both these problems. Today these developments have resulted in a Canadian-made receiver, permanent Canadian tracking stations, a primary geodetic network of about 200 Doppler points, major Doppler processing software systems, and the routine use of Doppler points, major Doppler processing software systems, and the routine use of Doppler positioning for land surveying, drill rig positioning and precise navigation. The accuracy of Doppler positioning has been improved from 100 m in 1968 to better than 1 m in 1975. These developments have applications in other nations than Canada.
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliography
R.J. ANDERLE (1972): “Pole Position for 1971 Based on Doppler Satellite Observations”.Technical Report TR-2734, U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory.
R.J. ANDERLE (1974): “Simultaneous Adjustment of Terrestrial Geodimeter and Satellite Doppler Observations for Geodetic Datum Definition.”Technical Report TR-3129. U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory.
APL (1975): “Planned Improvements in the Transit System (1975)”.Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 22, No. 4, 352–360.
W.V. BLACKIE (1971): “Fixing Offshore Oil-Well Positions”. Presented to Commonwealth Survey Officers Conference, Cambridge, August.
D.C. BROWN (1976): “Doppler Surveying with the JMR-1 Receiver”.Bulletin Geodesique, Vol. 50, No. 1, 9–26.
DOD (1972): “Report of the DOD Geoceiver test program”. DMA Report 0001, Defence Mapping Agency, Washington.
R.M. EATON and S.T. GRANT (1972): “Rho-Rho LORAN-C for Offshore Surveys”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 26, No. 2, 125–135.
R.M. EATON, D.E. WELLS and N. STUIFBERGEN (1976): “Satellite Navigation in Hydrography”,International Hydrographic Review, Vol. 53, No. 1, 99–116.
EMR Canada (1070): “Surveying Offshore Canada Lands for Mineral Resource Development, Workshop on Offshore Surveys”, Ottawa.
EMR Canada (1971): “Workshop on Offshore Surveys First Annual Review”.
EMR Canada (1974): “Geodesy for Canada Conference Record of Proceedings”. Surveys and Mapping Branch, Ottawa.
S.T. GRANT (1973): “Rho-Rho LORAN-C Combined with Satellite Navigation for Offshore Surveys”.International hydrographic Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, 35–54.
S.T. GRANT (1976): “Integration of Passive Ranging LORAN-C, Satellite Navigation, Ship's Log, and Ship's Gyrocompass via the Kalman Filter”. M.Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
G.C. GUTHEIM (1967): “Program Requirements for two—Minute Integrated Doppler Satellite Navigation”. Applied Physics LaboratoryTechnical Report TG-819-1, The John Hopkins University, Silver Spring, Maryland.
J.E. HAGGLUND (1974): “The Effect of Course and Speed Errors on a Satellite Fix Position”. B.Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
A. HITTEL (1969): “Use of Satellite Survey System in Offshore Exploration”. Presented to Annual Geophysical Conference, Royal Dutch Shell, Rijswijk, June.
A. HITTEL (1969a): “Satellite Survey System Theory and Application”.Shell Canada Internal Report Sc7, January.
A. HITTEL (1970): “Applications of the Satellite Survey System in Canadian Offshore Exploration”. Presented to Western Congress of Canadian Engineers, Jasper, May.
A. HITTEL, J. KOUBA, E.J. KRAKIWSKY, D.E. WELLS and R.M. EATON (1971): “Report on a Doppler Satellite Positioning Experiment in Canada”. Presented to 64th Annual Convention of the Canadian Institute of Surveying Ottawa, February.
A. HITTEL and J.KOUBA (1971a): “Accuracy Tests of Doppler Satellite Positioning in Orbital, Translocation and Simultaneous Modes”. Presented to 17th International Congress of Surveyors, Wiesbaden, September.
A. HITTEL and J. KOUBA (1971b): “Integration of Satellite and Decca 12F Survey Systems”.The Canadian Surveyor 25, No. 4, 424–439.
A. HITTEL (1974): “Application of Doppler Satellite Control for Photogrammetric Mapping in Alberta, Canada”. Presented to 14th Congress, International Federation of Surveyors, Washington, September.
A. HITTEL (1975): “Doppler Satellite Programs—Operations and Experience”.Shell Canada Report.
A. HITTEL and R.L. WADE (1975): “Shell Gabon Doppler Satellite Photogrammetric Control”.Shell Canada Report.
A. HITTEL (1976): “Canadian Cooperative Satellite Programs”.Publications of the Earth Physics Branch, Ottawa. Vol. 45, No. 3, 163–166
A. HITTEL, R.L. WADE and W. LEEMAN (1976): “Doppler Satellite Applications in Manitoba”. Presented to 69th Annual Convention of the Canadian Institute of Surveying, Winnipeg, May.
H. JONES (1971): “Systematic Errors in Tellurometer and Geodimeter Measurements”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 25, No. 4, 406–423.
J. KOUBA (1970): “Generalized Sequential Least Square Expressions and MATLAN Programming”. M. Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
J. KOUBA (1972): “Principal Property and Least-Squares Adjustment Design”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 26, No. 2, 136–145.
J. KOUBA (1974): “Reduction of Doppler Satellite Data Observed in Canada”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 28, No. 5, 480–486.
J. KOUBA, A.E. PETERSON and J.D. BOAL (1974): “Recent Canadian Experience in Doppler Satellite Surveying”. Presented to 14th International Congress of Surveyors, Washington, September.
J. KOUBA (1976a): “Doppler Satellite Control Establishing Geodetic Control Network”.Publications of the Earth Physics Branch, Ottawa.Vol. 45, No. 3, 167–183.
J. KOUBA and J.D. BOAL (1975b): “Program GEODOP”.Geodetic Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
J. KOUBA and J.D. BOAL (1975B): “Information Derived from Geodetic Doppler Satellite Surveys in Canada”. Presented to 68th Annual Convention of the Canadian Institute of Surveying, Fredericton June.
J. KOUBA (1976b): “Doppler Levelling”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 30, No. 1, 21–32.
J. KOUBA and D.E. WELLS (1976): “Semi-Dynamical Doppler Satellite Geodesy”.Bulletin Geodesique, Vol. 50, No. 1, 27–42.
P. KIRKHAM (1972): “An Improved Weighting Scheme for Satellite Doppler Observations”. B. Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
P. KIRKHAM and D.B. THOMSON (1974): “Doppler Satellite Positioning for Offshore Surveys”. Presented to 67th Annual Convention of Canadian Institute of Surveying, Vancouver, April.
E.J. KRAKIWSKY and J. KOUBA (1970): “An Exploratory Investigation into Satellite Positioning Techniques to be Employed in Canadian Continental Shelf and Arctic Areas”.Department of Surveying Engineering, Technical Report 4, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
E.J. KRAKIWSKY and G. KONECNY (1971): “Analysis of the Primary and Secondary Control Networks on New Brunswick—Implications for a Readjustment to Satellite Control”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 25, No. 2, 144–155.
E.J. KRAKIWSKY and D.E. WELLS (1971): “Mathematical Models for Positioning by Satellite”.Department of Surveying Engineering, Lecture Notes 17, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
E.J. KRAKIWSKY (1971): “Implementation of Some Achievements in Satellite Geodesy to Economical and Accurate Positioning Determination—Emphasis on the Navy Navigation Satellite System”. Presented to First Pan American Conference on Cadastre, Caracas, November.
E.J. KRAKIWSKY, D.E. WELLS and B.P. KIRKHAM (1972): “Geodetic Control From Doppler Satellite Observations”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 26, No. 2, 146–162.
E.J. KRAKIWSKY, D.E. WELLS and D.B. THOMSON (1973): “Geodetic Control from Doppler Satellite Observations for Lines Under 200 km”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 27, No. 2, 141–148.
P. LAWNIKANIS (1975): “Program PREDOP User's Guide”.Geodetic Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
R.L. LILLESTRAND, G.W. JOHNSON and D.E. WELLS (1968): “Analysis of measurements Made in Northern Greenland during project NORD-1968”.Control Data Corporation Report.
C.D. McLELLAN (1974): “Geodetic Networks in Canada”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 28, No. 5, 457–461.
C.L. MERRY (1975): “Studies Towards an Astrogravimetric Geoid for Canada”. Ph. D. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
M.M. NASSAR (1972a): “Least Squares Adjustment of Doppler Satellite Observations”. M. Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
M.M. NASSAR (1972b): “Program DOPSATS—Phased Least Squares Adjustment of Doppler Satellite Observations for a Single Motionless Tracking Station”.Department of Surveying Engineering, Technical Report 18, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
E.A. OGUNBAYO (1971): “Geodetic Positioning by Doppler Satellite Observations”. B. Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
M.K. PAUL (1975): “Satellite Doppler Solutions in Terms of a Single Parameter”.Bulletin Geodesique No. 116, 131–142.
V.L. PISCANE, B.B. HOLLAND and H.D. BLACK (1973): “Recent (1973) Improvements in the Navy Navigation Satellite System”.Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 20, No. 3, 224–229.
J. POPELAR (1976): “Polar Motion Program of the Earth Physics Branch.”Publications of the Earth Physics Branch, Ottawa.Vol. 45, No. 3, 209–215.
J.G. SHOWLER and A.C. HAMILTON (1958): “Shoran Trilateration in the Arctic Islands”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 14, No. 3, 91–98.
T. SIMS (1972): “The NWL Precise Ephermeris”.Technical Report TR-2872, U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory.
T.A. STANSELL (1971): “Transit, the Navy Navigation Satellite System”.Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 18, No. 1, 93–109.
W.E. STRANGE, L.D. HOTHEM and M.B. WHITE (1975): “The Satellite Doppler Station Network in the United States”. Presented to XVI General Assembly, International Association of Geodesy, Grenoble, August.
R.W. TANNER and R.I. WALCOTT (1972): “Interest of the Earth Physics Branch in a Satellite Geodynamics Program”. Internal Report of the Earth Physics Branch, Ottawa.
D.B. THOMSON (1970): “Readjustment of New Brunswick Geodetic Networks”. M.Sc. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
D.B. THOMSON, M.M. NASSAR and C.L. MERRY (1974): “Distortions of Canadian Geodetic Networks Due to the Neglect of Deflections of the Vertical and Geoidal Heights”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 28, No. 5, 598–605.
D.E. WELLS (1969): “Experience with Satellite Navigation During the Summer of 1968”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 23, No. 4, 334–348.
D.E. WELLS and D.I. ROSS (1969): “Experience with Satellite Navigation Equipment During Summer 1968”.Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory Report BI 1969-6.
D.E. WELLS (1969a): “Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory Cruise Report 69-022 CSS BAFFIN, April 28–May 8, 1969”.
D.E. WELLS and E.J. KRAKIWSKY (1971): “Use of Satellite Doppler Observations to Determine the Offset of the Origins of Geodetic Datums from the Geocenter”. Presented to 64th Annual Convention of the Canadian Institute of Surveying, Ottawa, February.
D.E. WELLS (1972): “Fast and Simple Alert Computations for Transit Satellites”.Department of Surveying Engineering, Technical Report 19, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
D.E. WELLS, E.J. KRAKIWSKY and D.B. THOMSON (1974): “Internal and External Consistency of Doppler Satellite and Terrestrial Networks”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 28, No. 4, 467–473.
D.E. WELLS (1974): “Electromagnetic Metrology, Hilbert Space Optimization and Their Application to Doppler Satellite Control”. Ph.D. Thesis,Department of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, (available as Technical Report 29).
C.A. WHITTEN (1974): “Where Were We, Where Are We, and Where Are We Going?”.The Canadian Surveyor, Vol. 28, No. 5, 440–444.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wells, D.E., Krakiwsky, E.J., Thomson, D.B. et al. Review of Doppler satellite positioning in Canada. Bull. Geodesique 50, 307–321 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02521584
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02521584