Abstract
A new solution of the direct and reverse geodetic problems has been deduced without series expansion or coordinate transformation. The unknown parameters are directly expressed as explicit functions of the given parameters; the forms of the functions are closed formulas deduced by elementary mathematics using the chord of normal section. Numerical examples prove that the formulas are valid for distances from 40 km to 15 000 km on the surface of the ellipsoid.
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References
C.F. BAESCHLIN: Lehrbuch der Geodäsie, Orell Füssli Verl., Zürich, pp. 68–73, 1948.
W.A. HEISKANEN, and H. MORITZ: Physical Geodesy, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco and London, p. 192, 1967.
L. HRADILEK, and A. LOULOVA: New Formulas for Direct and Reverse Problems (In Czech), Geod. a kart. obzor, 21(63), pp. 335–340, 1975.
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Hradilek, L. Closed formulas for the direct and reverse geodetic problems. Bull. Geodesique 50, 301–306 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02521583
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02521583