Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Extended free net adjustment constraints

  • Published:
Bulletin géodésique Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The contribution of geodetic measurements to the establishment of a control network can be partitioned into global and local (individual) components. The global component epitomized in a number of geometrically meaningful parameters can be estimated together with the individual point coordinates. The additional rank defect created by the extension of the parameter list is corrected by free net adjustment constraints which are extended beyond those needed for a solution of the network datum problem. Two applications of extended free net adjustment are outlined and illustrated by elementary numerical examples. A non-Cartesian (skew) reference system discussed in the Appendix provides an exotic interpretation of the estimated global and individual parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • G.W. HEIN and R. KISTERMAN (1981): “Mathematical Foundation of Non-tectonic Effects in Geodetic Recent Crustal Movement Models”. Tectonophysics, 71, pp. 315–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K.R. KOCH (1984): “Statistical Tests for Detecting Crustal Movements using Bayesian Inference”. NOAA Tech. Rep. No. 29.

  • P. MEISSL (1982): “Least Squares Adjustment. A Modern Approach”. Mitteilungen, Tech. Univ. Graz, Folge 43, Graz.

  • H. PAPO (1985): “Deformation Analysis by Close Range Photogrammetry”. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. Vol. 51, No. 10, pp. 1561–1567.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. PAPO and A. PERELMUTER (1983): “Reparameterization of Deformation Analysis”. Manuscripta Geodetica, Vol. 8, pp. 41–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. PERELMUTER (1979): “Adjustment of Free Networks”. Bulletin Géodésique, 53, No. 4.

  • A.J. POPE (1971): “Transformation of Covariance Matrices due to Changes in Minimal Control”. paper distributed at the A.G.U. Fall Annual Meeting in San Francisco.

  • G. SHILOV (1977): “Linear Algebra”. Revised English Edition, Dover Publ. Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. STRANG (1980): “Linear Algebra and its Applications”. Second Edition, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • W.M. WELSCH (1979): “A Review of the Adjustment of Free Networks”. Survey Review, Vol. XXV, No. 194.

  • H. WOLF (1977): “Eindeutige und mehredeutige geodätische Netze”. Abh. der Braunschw. Wiss. Ges., Band 28, Göttingen.

  • H. WOLF (1978): “Smearing Effects in Two- and Threedimensional Geodetic Nets”. Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, Anno XXXVII, No. 2-3.

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Haim B. Papo

    Present address: Department of Civil Engineering, Technion, 32000, Technion City, Haifa, (Israël)

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Geodetic Survey Charting and Geodetic Services National Ocean Service, NOAA, 20852, Rockville, Maryland

    Haim B. Papo

Authors
  1. Haim B. Papo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Prepared during a grant period (September 1984 through February 1985) while serving as a Visiting Senior Scientist in Geodesy, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Papo, H.B. Extended free net adjustment constraints. Bull. Geodesique 59, 378–390 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02521070

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02521070

Keywords

Search

Navigation