Abstract
The mathematical model presented here aims to elucidate the essential mechanisms of coexistence of species, especially those of closely related forms, as a result of competition in the same environment. It describes a system where the fate of the competitors or mutants is observed at the initial stage of evolution. The model encompasses both the external variables and the internal state of the competitors, which differ only in one of the metabolic rate constants. Results of simulations, even with the simplified form of the model, show that stable coexistence of closely related forms in a uniform environment is possible. In addition, the model allows the analysis of the limitations on the level of differences and similarities among the competitors for achieving a state of coexistence. The essential mechanisms for the coexistence of closely related competitors are proposed to be the involvement of the metabolic network in allowing the same growth rate of competitors which have different internal states, and the interplay between the internal states of the competitors and the external variables of their environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrams, P. (1983) The theory of limiting similarity.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14: 359–376.
Armstrong, R. S. and A. G. McGehee (1980) Competitive exclusion.American Naturalist 115: 151–170.
Baltzis, B. C. and A. G. Fredrickson (1984) Coexistence of two microbial populations competing for a renewable resource in a non-predator-prey system.Bulletin Mathematical Biology 46: 155–174.
Butler, G. J. and G. S. K. Wolkowicz (1985) A mathematical model of the chemostat with a general class of functions describing nutrient uptake.SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics 45: 138–151.
Fredrickson, A. G. and G. Stephanopoulos (1981) Microbial competition.Science 213: 972–979.
Hardin, G. (1960) The competitive exclusion principle.Science 131: 1292–1297.
Kaneko, K. and T. Yomo (1994) Cell division, differentiation and dynamic clustering.Physica D 75: 89–102.
Ko, E. P., T. Yomo and I. Urabe (1994) Dynamic clustering of bacterial population.Physica D 75: 81–88.
Lenski, R. E. and S. E. Hattingh (1986) Coexistence of two competitors on one resource and one inhibitor: a chemostat model based on bacteria and antibiotics.Journal of Theoretical Biology 122: 83–93.
Levin, S. A. (1970) Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the competitive exclusion principle.American Naturalist 104: 413–423.
Levins, R. (1979) Coexistence in a variable environment.American Naturalist 114: 765–783.
Novick, A. and L. Szilard (1950) Description of the chemostat.Science 1112: 715–716.
Xu, W.-Z., A. Kashiwagi, T. Yomo and I. Urabe (1996) Fate of a mutant emerging at the initial stage of evolution.Researches on Population Ecology 38: 231–237
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yomo, T., Xu, WZ. & Urabe, I. Mathematical model allowing the coexistence of closely related competitors at the initial stage of evolution. Res Popul Ecol 38, 239–247 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515733
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515733