References
Dethier, V. G. (1959) Food-plant distribution and larval dispersal as factors affecting insect populations.Can. Ent.91: 581–596.
Feeny, P. (1970) Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter moth caterpillars.Ecology51: 565–581.
Iwao, S. (1968) A new regression method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal populations.Res. Popul. Ecol.10: 1–20.
Iwao, S. (1972) Application of the\(\mathop m\limits^* --m\) method to the analysis of spatial patterns by changing the quadrat size.Res. Popul. Ecol.14: 97–128.
Iwao, S. andKuno, E. (1971) An approach to the analysis of aggregation pattern in biological populations. In Statistical Ecology, Vol.1. (ed. by G. P. Patilet al.) Penn. State Univ. Press. 461–513.
Kabaya, H., Ikusima, I. andNumata, M. (1964) Growth and thinning ofPinus Thumbergii stand —Ecological studies of coastal pine forest, I.Bull. Marin Lab., Chiba Univ. No.6: 1–26.
Kitamoto, T. (1972) The spatial pattern in a natural population of goldenrod (Solidago altissima L.), with particular reference to its change during the shoot growth.Res. Popul. Ecol.14: 129–136.
Kitamoto, T. andShidei, T. (1972) Studies on the spatial pattern in forest trees (I). Distribution of dominant and suppressed trees in even-aged forest.Bull. Kyoto Univ. Forests43: 152–161.
Knapp, R. (1954)Experimentelle Soziologie und gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Pflanzen. Stuttgart, Ludwigsburg, 266pp.
Kurata, S. andHamaya, T. (1974)Distribution maps of Japanese trees and shrubs. II. Illustrated Important Forest Trees of Japan, Vol. 2: 164–244.
Lloyd, M. (1967) Mean crowding.J. Anim. Ecol.36: 1–30.
Numata, M. (1961) Some problems in the secondary succession and judging the seral condition and trend.Seibutsu-Kagaku13: 146–152.
Ridley, H. N. (1930)The dispersal of plants throughout the world. Ashfort, England: L. Reeve & Co. 744pp.
Sakura, T. andNumata, M. (1976) Community dynamics of young stands ofChamaecyparis obtusa for five years after clear-cutting.J. Jap. For. Soc.58: 246–257.
Suzuki, Y., Yamaguchi, K., Iga, M., Hirose, Y. andKimoto, H. (1976) Spatial distribution of the eggs ofPapilio xuthusLinne (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) in a citrus grove.Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool.20: 177–183.
Tagawa, H. (1973)Ecological succession. Kyoritsu, Tokyo, 4 +87pp.
Tsubaki, N. (1977) A bioeconomic study on the natural population of the swallowtail butterfly,Papilio xuthus L.Ebino Biol. Lab. Kyushu Univ.2: 37–54.
Watanabe, M. (1976) A preliminary study on population dynamics of the swallowtail butterfly,Papilio xuthus L. in a deforested area.Res. Popul. Ecol.17: 200–210.
Watanabe, M. (1979) Natural mortalities of the swallowtail butterfly,Papilio xuthus L., at patchy habitats along the flyways in a hilly region.Jap. J. Ecol.,29 (in press).
Yukawa, J., Yamauchi, S., Nagai, S. andTokuhisa E. (1977) Leaf longevity and defoliating process in saplings ofActinodaphne longifolia (Blume) Nakai.Jap. J. Ecol.27: 171–175.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Watanabe, M. Population dynamics of a pioneer tree,Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, a host plant of the swallowtail butterfly,Papilio xuthus . Res Popul Ecol 20, 265–277 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02512632
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02512632