Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modern approaches to the construction of highly efficient nucleophilic systems

  • Published:
Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry Aims and scope

Abstract

In this review we present a summary and correlation of research results obtained in several different approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency and selectivity of nucleophilic reactions, namely the α-effect in aqueous media and specific interactions in nontraditional systems such as “melts” of salts, microemulsions, micelles, and liquid/liquid and liquid/solid interfacial systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. I. P. Beletskaya,Zh. Org. Khim.,33, No. 3, 474–479 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. P. Tiger,Zh. Org. Khim.,33, No. 2, 308–315 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. E. Gordon,The Organic Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions, Wiley, New York (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  4. W. P. Jencks,Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology, McGraw-Hill, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  5. K. P. Mitsenko and G. M. Poltoratskii,Problems in the Thermodynamics and Structure of Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions [in Russian], Khimiya, Leningrad (1968), pp. 296–298.

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. P. Tiger, D. N. Tarasov, and S. G. Éntellis,Khim. Fiz.,15, No. 11, 11–19 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. P.-G. de Gennes,Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. Attwood and A. T. Florence,Surfactant Systems: Their Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Biology, Chapman & Hall, New York (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. L. Robbins,Symposium on Micellization, Solubilization, and Microemulsions, K. L. Mittal (ed.), Plenum Press, New York (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. F. Rusling,Accounts Chem. Res.,24, No. 3, 75–81 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Fendler and J. Fendler,Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry, J. C. P. Schwarz (ed.), Holden-Day, San Francisco (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  12. I. V. Berezin, K. Martinek, and A. K. Yatsmirskii,Usp. Khim.,42, No. 10, 1729–1756 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. F. M. Menger and N. Balachander,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,114, No. 14, 5862–5863 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Langevin,Accounts Chem. Res.,21, No. 7, 255–260 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Kahlweit, R. Stray, and G. Busse,J. Phys. Chem.,94, No. 10, 3881–3884 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Kabalnov, B. Lindman, U. Olsson, et al.,Colloid Polym. Sci.,274, No. 4, 297–308 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Schlicht, J. H. Spilgies, F. Runge, et al.,Biophys. Chem.,58, No. 1/2, 39–52 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. F. M. Menger and S. J. Lee,Langmuir,11, No. 10, 3685–3689 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. D. Roux,Physica A,213, No. 1/2, 168–172 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. A. Moss, J. M. Li, and A. T. Kotchevar,Langmuir,10, No. 10, 3380–3382 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. A. Moss,Pure Appl. Chem.,66, No. 4, 851–858 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. A. Moss and S. Bhattacharya,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,117, No. 33, 8688–8689 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. F. M. Menger and K. Gabrielson,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,116, No. 4, 1567–1568 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. F. M. Menger and K. D. Gabrielson,Angew. Chem.,34, No. 19, 2091–2106 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. M. Vanos, B. Smit, and S. Karaborni,Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas,113, No. 4, 181–185 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. Chowdhury,J. Phys., Condensed Matter,6, No. 13, 2435–2450 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. De TK Maitra,J. Colloid Interface Sci.,59, 95–193 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. R. Zana,J. Colloid Interface Sci.,57, 1–64 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Esselink, P. A. J. Hibers, S. Karaborni, et al.,Mol. Simul.,14, No. 4/5, 259–274 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. E. Verrall,Chem. Soc. Rev.,24, No. 2, 135–142 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. K. A. Bartscherer, M. Minier, and H. Renon,Fluid Phase Equil.,107, No. 1, 93–150 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. P. Baglioni and L. Kevan,Heterogen. Chem. Rev.,2, No. 1, 1–15 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Lianos,Heterogen. Chem. Rev.,3, No. 1, 53–63 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. X. L. Zhou and S. H. Chen,Phys. Rep., Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett.,257, No. 4/5, 223–348 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. W. L. Hinze and E. Pramauro,Critical Rev. Anal. Chem.,24, No. 2, 133–177 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Terabe, K. Otsuka, and H. Nishi,J. Chromatogr.,666, No. 1/2, 295–319 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. H. Nishi and S. Terabe,J. Chromatogr.,694, No. 1, 245–276 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Braco,Mikrochim. Acta,120, No. 1/4, 231–242 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Antonietti, R. Basten, and S. Lohmann,Macromol. Chem. (Phys.),196, No. 2, 441–466 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. L. Carreto, S. Rubio, and D. Perezbendito,Analyst,121, No. 4, 33–44 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. S. S. Yufit,Mechanism of Phase-Transfer Catalysis [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  42. E. Demlov and Z. Demlov,Phase-Transfer Catalysis [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  43. C. K. Ingold,Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed., Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  44. M. L. Bender et al.,The Bioorganic Chemistry of Enzymatic Catalysis, Wiley, New York (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  45. P. G. Schulz,Science,240, No. 4851, 426–433 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. R. O’Brien,Toxic Phosphorus Esters, Academic Press, New York (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Yu-Chu Yand, L. L. Szafraniec, W. T. Beandry, and C. A. Bunton,J. Org. Chem.,58, No. 25, 6964–6965 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  48. F. M. Menger, L. H. Gan, E. Johnson, and D. H. Durst,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,109, No. 9, 2800–2803 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. F. M. Menger and A. R. Erington,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,112, No. 22, 8201–8203 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. P. Grekov and V. Ya. Veselov,Usp. Khim.,47, No. 7, 1200–1230 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. M. Litvinenko and N. M. Oleinik,Mechanism of Action of Organic Catalysts: Basic and Nucleophilic Catalysis [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1984), pp. 224–240.

    Google Scholar 

  52. S. Hoz and E. Buncel,Isr. J. Chem.,26, No. 4, 313–319 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. D. Herschlag and W. P. Jencks,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,112, No. 5, 1951–1956 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. M. Tarkka and E. Buncel,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,117, No. 5, 1503–1507 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yu. S. Simanenko, T. M. Prokop’eva, V. A. Savelova, et al.,Reakts. Sposobn. Org. Soedin.,23, No. 2, 208–229 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Yu. S. Simanenko, T. M. Prokop’eva, I. A. Belousova, et al.,Reakts. Sposobn. Org. Soedin.,24, No. 3, 358–378 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Yu. S. Simanenko, T. M. Prokop’eva, V. A. Savelova, et al.,Reakts. Sposobn. Org. Soedin.,26, No. 1, 30–54 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Yu. S. Simanenko, T. M. Zubareva, V. A. Savelova, et al.,Teor. Éksp. Khim.,30, No. 6, 319–322 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. V. A. Savelova, E. A. Karpichev, Yu. S. Simanenko, et al.,Zh. Org. Khim.,32, No. 4, 551–560 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. V. A. Savelova, Yu. S. Simanenko, and T. M. Zubareva,Zh. Org. Khim.,32, No. 10, 1545–1551 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. D. J. Hupe and W. P. Jencks,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,99, No. 2, 451–464 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. D. J. Hupe and D. Su,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,99, No. 23, 7653–7659 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. W. P. Jencks, S. R. Brant, J. R. Gandler, et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,104, No. 25, 7045–7051 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. A. Williams,Adv. Phys. Org. Chem.,27, 1–58 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  65. F. Terrier, G. Moutiers, L. Xiao, et al.,J. Org. Chem.,60, No. 6, 1747–1754 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Yu. S. Simanenko, A. F. Popov, T. M. Prokop’eva, et al.,Teor. Éksp. Khim.,30, No. 2, 75–79 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Yu. S. Simanenko, A. F. Popov, T. M. Prokop’eva, et al.,Mendeleev Commun., No. 6, 210–212 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Yu. S. Simanenko, E. A. Karpichev, T. M. Prokop’eva, et al.,Teor. Éksp. Khim.,34, No. 2, 86–90 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  69. F. Terrier, F. Degorre, D. Kiffer, and M. Laloi,Bull. Soc. Chim., Fr., No. 2, 415–419 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  70. F. Terrier, P. MacCormack, E. Kizilian, et al.,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 1, 153–158 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. I. H. Um, S. I. Oh, and D. S. Kwon,Tetrahedron Lett.,36, No. 38, 6903–6906 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. V. A. Savelova, Yu. S. Simanenko, I. A. Belousova, et al.,Khim. Fiz.,15, No. 11, 74–82 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. I. O. Belousova, Yu. S. Simanenko, E. A. Karpichev, and V. A. Savelova,17th Ukrainian Conference on Organic Chemistry (Summaries of Papers) [in Ukrainian], Kharkov (1995), Part 2, p. 357.

    Google Scholar 

  74. C. A. Bunton and G. Savelli,Adv. Phys. Org. Chem.,22 213–309 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Ptacek, J. J. Kulic, and F. Oplustil,Chem. Listy,87, No. 4, 252–261 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. L. S. Romsted,Surfactants in Solution, Vol. 2, K. L. Mittal and B. Lindmann (eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1984), pp. 1015–1027.

    Google Scholar 

  77. A. Blasko, C. A. Bunton, G. Cerichelli, and D. C. Mckenzie,J. Phys. Chem.,97, No. 43, 11324–11331 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. C. Hermansky and R. A. Mackay,Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, Vol. 2, K. L. Mittal (ed.), Plenum Press, New York (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  79. V. F. Razumov, B. V. Baryshnikov, and M. V. Razumova,Dokl. Akad. Nauk,348, No. 1, 62–65 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. C. A. Bunton, F. Buzzaccarini, and F. H. Hamed,J. Org. Chem.,48, No. 15, 2457–2461 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. C. A. Bunton, F. Buzzaccarini, and F. H. Hamed,J. Org. Chem.,48, No. 15, 2461–2465 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. R. A. Moss, R. Fujiyama, H. M. Zhang, et al.,Langmuir,9, No. 11, 2902–2906 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. C. A. Bunton and H. J. Foroudian,Langmuir,9, No. 11, 2832–2835 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. F. J. Berg, R. A. Moss, Y. C. Yang, and H. M. Zhang,Langmuir,11, No. 2, 411–413 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. R. A. Moss, A. T. Kotchevar, B. D. Park, and P. Scrimin,Langmuir,12, No. 9, 2200–2206 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. A. Blasko, C. A. Bunton, and H. J. Foroudian,J. Colloid Interface Sci.,163, No. 2, 500–506 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. A. Blasko, C. A. Bunton, and H. S. J. Boroudian,J. Colloid Interface Sci.,175, No. 1, 122–130 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. R. A. Shagidullina, L. A. Kudryavtseva, A. B. Mirgorodskaya, et al.,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., No. 5, 1126–1129 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  89. I. S. Ryzhkina, R. A. Shagidullina, L. A. Kudryavtseva, et al.,Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Khim., No. 2, 242–245 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  90. A. Bartoletti, S. Bartolini, R. Germani, et al.,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 4, 723–728 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. K. K. Ghosh and S. K. Sar,J. Indian Chem. Soc.,72, No. 9, 597–601 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. K. A. Wilk, A. Bieniecki, and B. Matuszewska,J. Phys. Org. Chem.,7, No. 11, 646–651 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. E. P. Tishkova, L. A. Kudryavtseva, R. A. Shagidullina, and B. E. Ivanov,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 9, 1576–1580 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  94. F. Delrosso, A. Bartoletti, P. Diprofio, et al.,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin. Trans. 2, No. 4, 673–678 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  95. D. M. O. Marconi, V. L. A. Frescura, D. Zanette, et al.,J. Phys. Chem.,98, No. 47, 12415–12419 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Y. L. Favaro and V. C. Reinsborough,Can. J. Chem.,72, No. 12, 2443–2446 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. S. J. Frochner, F. Nome, D. Zanette, and C. A. Bunton,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 4, 673–676 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. A. Blasko, C. A. Bunton, E. A. Toledo, et al.,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 12, 2367–2373 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. H. J. Foroudian, C. A. Bunton, R. M. Holland, and F. Nome,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 4, 557–561 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. L. Brinchi, P. Profio, R. Germani, et al.,Langmuir,13, No. 17, 4583–4587 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. R. A. Moss, K. W. Alwis, and G. O. Bizzigotti,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,105, No. 3, 681–684 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. R. A. Moss, K. W. Alwis, and J. S. Shin,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,106, No. 9, 2651–2655 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. R. A. Moss, K. Y. Kim, and S. Swarup,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,108, No. 4, 788–793 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. R. A. Mackay, F. R. Longo, B. L. Knier, and H. D. Durst,J. Phys. Chem.,91, No. 4, 861–864 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. O. A. Elseoud and M. F. Martins,J. Phys. Org. Chem.,8, No. 10, 637–646 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. R. A. Moss, K. Bracken, and T. J. Emge,J. Org. Chem.,60, No. 24, 7739–7746 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. R. A. Moss and H. M. Zhang,Tetrahedron Lett.,34, No. 39, 6225–6228 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. R. A. Moss, B. Wilk, K. Krogh-Jespersen, et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,111, No. 1, 250–258 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. A. T. Kotchevar, R. A. Moss, P. Scrimin, et al.,Tetrahedron Lett. 35, No. 28, 4927–4930 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. R. A. Moss and H. M. Zhang,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,116, No. 10, 4471–4472 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. C. A. Bunton, F. H. Hamed, and L. S. Ramsted,J. Phys. Chem.,86, 2103–2108 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Yu. S. Simanenko, E. A. Karpichev, A. A. Matveev, et al.,13th IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (Abstracts), Inchon, Korea (1996), p. 132.

  113. E. A. Karpichev, T. M. Prokop’eva, and Yu. S. Simanenko,Ukrainian Conference “Chemistry of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles” (Summaries of Papers) [in Ukrainian], Kharkov (1997), p. 130.

  114. E. A. Karpichev, A. F. Popov, and Yu. S. Simanenko,Material Proc. of High School Sci. Conf. for Res. Work of Prot. Teach. Staff: Chemistry [in Ukrainian], Donetsk University Press, Donetsk (1997), pp. 40–43.

    Google Scholar 

  115. G. Cerichelli, L. Luchetti, G. Mancini, and G. Savelli,Tetrahedron,51, No. 37, 10281–10288 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. U. Tonellato,Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, Vol. 2, K. L. Mittal (ed.), Plenum Press, New York (1979), pp. 541–578.

    Google Scholar 

  117. G. Cerichelli, G. Mancini, L. Luchetti, et al.,Langmuir,10, No. 11, 3982–3987 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. R. Ueoka, S. Mori, and R. A. Moss,Langmuir,10, No. 9, 2892–2898 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. A. V. Eliseev, G. A. Iacobucci, N. A. Khanjin, and F. M. Menger,J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. No. 18, 2051–2052 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. K. A. Martin, M. A. Mortellaro, R. W. Sweger, et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,117, No. 42, 10443–10448 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. F. M. Menger and T. Tsuno,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,111, No. 13, 4903–4907 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. C. A. Bunton, P. Scrimin, and P. Tecilla,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 3, 419–425 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. R. A. Moss, S. Bhattacharya, and S. Chatterjee,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,111, No. 10, 3680–3687 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. F. M. Menger and C. A. Littau,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,115, No. 22, 10083–10090 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. F. M. Menger and A. V. Eliseev,Langmuir,11, No. 6, 1855–1857 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. F. M. Menger, K. K. Catlin, and X. Y. Chen.,Langmuir,12, No. 6, 1471–1473 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. F. M. Menger, T. Tsuno, and G. S. Hammond,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,112, No. 3, 1263–1264 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. F. M. Menger and T. Tsuno,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,112, No. 18, 6723–6724 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. A. Leydet, B. Boyer, G. Lamaty, et al.,Langmuir,10, No. 4, 1000–1002 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. F. M. Menger, A. V. Eliseev, and N. A. Khanjin,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,116, No. 8, 3613–3614 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. F. M. Menger and H. Park,Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas,113, No. 4, 176–180 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. D. A. Jaeger,Supramol. Chem.,5, No. 1, 27–30 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. A. Bieniecki, B. Matuszewska and K. A. Wilk,Pol. J. Chem.,69, No. 8, 1174–1181 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. D. Landini and A. Maia,Gazz. Chim. Ital.,123, No. 1, 19–24 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. É. F. Sirovskii,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 11, 2122–2134 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  136. S. S. Yufit,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 11, 2085–2093 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  137. Yu. Sh. Gol’berg,Selected Chapters on Phase-Transfer Catalysis [in Russian], Zinatne, Riga (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  138. R. Schmid and V. N. Sapunov,Non-Formal Kinetics, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  139. A. Cornish-Bowden,Principles of Enzyme Kinetics, Butterworths, London (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  140. A. A. Afon’kin, A. E. Shumeiko, and A. F. Popov,Zh. Obshch. Khim.,62, No. 11, 2540–2547 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. A. A. Afon’kin, A. E. Shumeiko, and A. F. Popov,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 11, 2102–2107 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  142. A. F. Popov, A. E. Shumeiko, A. A. Afon’kin, and Zh. P. Piskunova,Reakts. Sposobn. Org. Soedin.,25, No. 3/4, 287–297 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  143. A. F. Popov, A. E. Shumeiko, A. A. Afon’kin, and Zh. P. Piskunova,Reakts. Sposobn. Org. Soedin.,25, No. 3/4, 279–305 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  144. A. A. Afon’kin and A. E. Shumeiko,Molecular Interactions, Structure, and Reactivity of Organic Compounds [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1989), pp. 50–60.

    Google Scholar 

  145. N. G. Razumova, A. E. Shumeiko, A. A. Afon’kin, and A. F. Popov,Mendeleev Commun., No. 3, 62–65 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  146. É. V. Demlov,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 11, 2094–2101 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  147. V. A. Savelova, L. N. Vakhitova, A. N. Magazinskii, and V. V. Rybak,Zh. Org. Khim.,30, No. 10, 1486–1491 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. V. A. Savelova, L. N. Vakhitova, V. V. Rybak, and A. N. Magazinskii,Zh. Org. Khim.,30, No. 10, 1492–1496 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. V. A. Savelova and L. N. Vakhitova,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., No. 11, 2108–2114 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  150. V. A. Savyolova, L. N. Vakhitova, A. N. Magasinski, et al.,Mendeleev Commun., No. 3, 123–124 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. V. A. Savelova, L. N. Vakhitova, V. V. Rybak, and V. V. Kosmynin,Zh. Org. Khim.,32, No. 5, 729–734 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. L. N. Vakhitova, V. V. Rybak, Ya. F. Trotsenko, et al.,International Symposium “Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Mechanism and Application in Organic Synthesis” (Summaries of Papers) [in Russian], St. Petersburg (1997), pp. 15–17.

  153. L. N. Vakhitova, V. V. Rybak, V. A. Savelova, et al.,International Symposium “Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Mechanism and Application in Organic Synthesis” (Summaries of Papers) [in Russian], St. Petersburg (1997), pp. 11–12.

  154. L. N. Vakhitova, V. A. Savelova, V. V. Rybak, et al.,International Symposium “Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Mechanism and Application in Organic Synthesis” (Summaries of Papers) [in Russian], St. Petersburg (1997), pp. 13–14.

  155. C. L. Liotta, E. M. Burgess, C. C. Ray, et al.,Phase-Transfer Catalysis, C. M. Starks (ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C. (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Y. Sasson and N. Bilman,J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, No. 12, 2029–2033 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. O. Arrard and Y. Sasson,J. Org. Chem.,54, No. 21, 4993–4998 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. L. N. Vakhitova, A. V. Skrypka, V. A. Savelova, et al.,International Symposium “Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Mechanism and Application in Organic Synthesis” (Summaries of Papers) [in Russian], St. Petersburg (1997), pp. 14–15.

Download references

Authors
  1. A. F. Popov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. A. Savelova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

L. M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 70 R. Lyuksemburg ul., Donetsk 340114, Ukraine. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 1–16, January–February, 1999.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Popov, A.F., Savelova, V.A. Modern approaches to the construction of highly efficient nucleophilic systems. Theor Exp Chem 35, 1–17 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02511123

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02511123

Keywords

Search

Navigation