Summary
High-throughput X-ray optics are required for future X-ray astronomy missions. These optics are composed of a large number of nested confocal mirrors with very thin thickness in order to reduce the losses due to the obstruction of the mirrors wall and to keep the weight within acceptable values. The replica technique by electroforming the mirrors from mandrels provides a cost-effective solution for the manufacture of these X-ray optical systems. In the paper is reported the application of the electroforming process for the fabrication of the X-ray imaging concentrators for the SAX project and for the JET-X X-ray telescope. Moreover some considerations are given concerning a possible use of more elaborated electroforming processes for manufacturing light-weight large-aperture X-ray optics.
Riassunto
Per le future missioni spaziali di Astronomia X sono richiesti sistemi di ottiche a raggi X con elevate aree efficaci. Queste ottiche sono composte di un gran numero di specchi coassiali e confocali con spessori molto sottili in modo da ridurre le perdite introdotte dall'ostruzione relativa allo spessore degli specchi e per contenere il peso entro valori accettabili. La tecnica di replica per elettroformatura degli specchi da mandrini rappresenta una soluzione conveniente per la produzione di questi sistemi ottici. Nel lavoro si riporta l'applicazione del processo di elettroformatura per la costruzione dei concentratori X per il progetto SAX e per la realizzazione del telescopio per raggi X JET X. Inoltre sono riportate alcune considerazioni relative al possibile uso di più sofisticati processi di elettroformatura per la fabbricazione di specchi leggeri con grandi aperture.
Резюме
Рентгеновская оптика с высокой пропукной способностью требуется для рентгеновской космической астрономии. Эта оптика состоит из большого числа влощенных конфокальных зеркал с очень малой толщиной, чтобы уменьшить потери и поддерщивать вес в приемлимых размерах. Техника получения зеркал с помощью гальванопластики позволяет решить проблему изготовления требуемых рентгеновских оптических систем. В этй статье описывается применение процесса гальванопластики для получения рентгеновских яибтракторов для проекта РАХ и для рентгеновского телескопа JET-X. Кроме того, обсущдается возмощность использования процесса гальванопластики для получения рентгеновской оптики малового веса с большой апертурою.
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Citterio, O., Bonelli, G., Conti, G. et al. High-throughput optics for X-ray astronomy (*)(**). Il Nuovo Cimento C 13, 375–389 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02507075
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02507075