Summary
A fully automated method, based on continuous ultrasound-assisted derivatization coupled with pervaporation before gas chromatographic separation and flame ionization detection, has been developed for the determination of phenol and cresols in water. Spiked water samples were doped with acetic anhydride and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, before introduction into the flow system, to achieve catalytic acetylation of the target compounds. A multivariate study was performed to optimize the main factors affecting the derivatization process. The correlation coefficients, r, of the calibration plots obtained were better than 0.999 for cresols and better than 0.99 for phenol. Detection limits were 0.02 μg mL1 for phenol, o-cresol, andp-cresol, and 0.05 μg mL1 form-cresol. Reproducibility and repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged from 2.0–3.9% and from 1.0–3.5% respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
National Research Council of Canada, NRC Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality,Chlorinated Phenols: Criteria for Environmental quality, Publication no. 18578, Ottawa (Microfiche),1982.
Shang-Zhi, S.; Stanley, G.J. Chromatogr. 1983,267, 183.
Bately, G.E.J. Chromatogr. 1987,389, 208.
Lindstrom, K.; Nordin, J.J. Chromatogr. 1976,128, 13.
Ogan, K.; Katz, E.Anal. Chem. 1981,53, 160.
di Corcia, A.J. Chromatogr. 1973,80, 69.
Buryan, P.; Macak, J.; Hrivna, J.J. Chromatogr. 1977,137, 425.
Hoshika, Y.J. Chromatogr. 1977,144, 181.
Seiber, J.N.; Crosby, D.G.; Fonda, H.; Soderquist, C.J.J. Chromatogr. 1972,73, 89.
Agauer, R.J.Anal. Chem. 1968,40, 122.
Korenman, Y.I.; Gruzdev, I.V.; Kondratenok, B.M.; Fokin, V.N.J. Anal. Chem. 1999,54(12), 1134.
Nakamura, S.; Takino M.; Dasihima, S.Analyst 2001,126(6), 3089.
Edgerton, T.R.; Moseman, R.F.; Linder, R.E.; Wright, L.J. Chromatogr. 1979,170, 331.
Song, J.O.Fenxi Shinyanshi 2000,19(6), 96.
Lehtonen, M.Chromatographia 1982,16, 201.
Sharma, C.; Kumar, S.J. Environ. Monit. 1999,1(16), 569.
Kuch, H.M.; Ballschmiter, K.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001,35(15), 3201.
Li, D.H.; Park, J.M.; Oh, J.R.Anal. Chem. 2001,73(13), 3089.
Sojo, L.E.; Djauhari, J.J. Chromatogr. A 1999,840(1), 21.
Turnes, I.; Rodríquez, I.; García, C.M.; Cela, R.J. Chromatogr. A 1996,743(2), 283.
Luque-García, J.L.; Luque de Castro, M.D.Analyst 2002,127, 1115.
Davis, J.; Moorcroft, M.J.; Wilkins, S.J.; Compton, R.G.; Cardosi, M.F.Electroanalysis 2000,12(17) 1363.
Helaleh, M.I.H.; Takabayashi, Y.; Fujii, S.; Korenaga, T.Anal. Chim. Acta 2001,428(2), 227.
Allonier A.S.; Khalanski, M.; Camel, V.; Bermond, A.Talanta 1999,50(1) 227–236
Davi, M.L.; Liboni, M.; Malfatto, M.G.Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1999,74(14), 155.
Kim, K.R.; Kim, H.J. Chromatogr. A 2000,866(1), 87.
Buchholz, D.K.; Pawliszyn, J.Anal. Chem. 1994,66, 160.
Sotnikov, E.E.J. Anal. Chem. 1998,53(3), 286.
Mataix, E.; Luque de Castro, M.D.Chromatographia 2000,52, 205.
Priego-López, E.; Luque de Castro, M.D.J. Chromatogr. A 2002,976, 399.
Vallejo, B.; Richter, P.; Toral, I.; Tapia, C.; Luque de Castro, M.D.Anal. Chim. Acta 2001,436(2), 301.
Llompart-Vizoso, M.P.Tratamiento de muestra en la determinación de compuestos fenólicos por cromatografía de gases, PhD Thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela,1996.
Massart, D.L.; Vanderginste, B.G.M.; Buydens, L.M.C.; De Jong, S.; Lewi, P.J.; Smeyers-Verbeke, J.Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Priego-López, E., Luque de Castro, M.D. Ultrasound-assisted derivatization of phenolic compounds in spiked water samples before pervaporation, gas chromatographic separation, and flame lonization detection. Chromatographia 57, 513–518 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492550
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492550