Summary
Six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzol[k]-fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indenol[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, selected from the US EPA priority list, have been analyzed in reference sewage sludges by liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS). Different APCI interface operating conditions, including drying gas (N2), nebulizing gas, capillary voltage, corona current, and fragmentor voltage, were optimized for the determination. Sludges were extracted by sonication with dichloromethane-methanol, 2∶1, and the extracts obtained were subsequently purified on an alumina column. LC-APCI-MS enabled both identification and quantification of the analytes. Limits of detection were between 0.05 and 0.22 mg kg−1. Quantitative results from LC-APCI-MS were compared with those from GC-MS and agreement between the techniques was good. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Aquacheck reference sewage sludges varied from 0.2 to 0.7 mg kg−1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mastral, A.M.; Callen, M.S.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000,34(15), 3051–3056.
Manoli, E.; Samara, C.Trends Anal. Chem. 1999,18(6), 417–428.
Wise, S.A. InEnvironmental Analysis: Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance: Barceló, D. Ed., Techniques and Instrumentation in Environmental Analysis, Vol. 13, Elsevier,1993,
Koeber, R.; Niessner, R.; Bayona, J.Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1997,359, 267–273.
Fernández, P.; Vilanova, R.; Grimalt, J.O.Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds,1996,9, 121–128.
Pérez, S.; Ferrer, I.; Hennion, M.-C; Barceló, D.Anal. Chem. 1998,70, 4996–5001.
Ashley, J.T.F.; Baker, J.E.Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1999,18, 838–849.
Renner, T.; Baumgarten, D.; Unger, K.K.Chromatographia 1997,45, 199–205.
Pérez, S.; Barceló, D.Analyst 2000,125, 1273–1279.
Baumard, P.; Budzinski, H.; Garrigues, P.Freseninus J. Anal. Chem,1997,352, 502–509.
Castillo, M.; Alonso, M.C.; Riu, J.; Barceló, D.Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999,33, 1300–1306.
Riu, J.; González-Mazo, E.; Gómez-Parra, A. Barceló, D.Chromatographia 1999,50, 275–281.
Galcerán, M.T.; Moyano, E.J. Chromatogr. A 1999,683, 9–19.
Marvin, C.H.; Smith, R.W.; Bryant, D.W.; McCarry, B.E.J. Chromatogr. A 1999,863, 13–24.
Anacleto, J.F.; Ramaley, L.; Benoit, F.M.; Boyd, R.K.; Quilliam, M.A.Anal. Chem. 1995,67, 4145–4154.
Lafleur, A.L.; Taghizadeh, K.; Howard, J.B.; Anacleto J.F.; Quilliam, M.A.J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1996,7, 276–286.
Castillo, M.; Alpendurada, M.F.; Barceló, D.J. Mass Spectrom. 1997,32, 1100–1110.
European Union Draft Directive on Sewage Sludge, Brussels,27/04/2000; pp. 1–20.
Alonso, M.C.; Barceló, D.Anal. Chim. Acta 1999,400, 211–217.
Abian, J.J. Mass Spectrom. 1999,34, 157–161.
Ferrer, I.; Barceló, D.Analusis 1998,26, 118–123.
Robb, D.B.; Covey, T.R.; Bruins A.P.Anal. Chem. 2000,72, 3653–3659.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pérez, S., Barceló, D. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage reference sludge by liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 53, 475–480 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491606
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491606