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Failure analysis of timber bolted joints by fracture mechanics

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Abstract

This study concerns the failure of dowel-type joints in glued laminated timber under static loading. Failure of joints with a single bolt or dowel due to cracking parllel to the grain direction is considered. Results presented concern only the first mode of cracking,i.e. splitting under tension perpendicular to the grain. Fracture is analyzed by the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics concepts; the crack propagation condition is assumed to be based upon the critical energy release rate GIc. A simplified average stress criterion allows predicting the onset of splitting.

An experimental program was carried out on joints for different structural parameters and bolt diameters. The experimental stable crack growth allowed obtaining the load-crack length curves. Another experimental program was carried out in order to compare the fracture energy of a few CIB-type specimens with the critical energy release rate GIc being used in the crack propagation simulation.

The comparison between experimental and numerical results for the simulation of fracture in joints shows that Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics provides a good approximation of the load-bearing capacity of bolted joints and may help improve design codes.

Résumé

Le travail présenté conceme la modélisation et la simulation de la rupture d'un assemblage par tige métallique d'éléments de bois lamellé collé lorsque le phénomène majeur de dégradation est celui de la fissuration parallèlement au fil. Nous nous sommes pour l'instant limités à une sollicitation perpendiculaire aux fibres; l'amorçage et la propagation de la fissuration, en mode I dans ce cas, sont étudiés. L'analyse de la propagation d'une fissure est effectuée au moyen de la Mécanique Linéaire Élastique de la Rupture. L'amorçage de la fissuration est prédit par l'utilisation d'un critère simplifié prenant en compte la contrainte moyenne sur une distance supposée caractéristique du matériau.

Les simulations numériques sont comparées à des résultats d'expérimentations pour divers diamètres de tiges et paramètres structuraux. Nous comparons les valeurs simulées et expérimentales des forces d'amorçage de la fissuration ainsi que des forces maximales que l'assemblage peut supporter. Afin de vérifier que la valeur identifiée du taux de restitution d'énergie critique GIc est caractéristique du matérau, une campagne d'essais de fissuration parallèlement au fil du bois par flexion trois points a également été menée sur des éprouvettes de type CIB.

Cette étude montre que la Mécanique Linéaire Élastique de la Rupture peut être appliquée pour la simulation de la rupture d'un assemblage et peut être un outil pour l'amélioration des codes de dimensionnement des assemblages lorsque le phénomène majeur de dégradation du bois est celui de la fissuration parallèlement au fil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie, ENS/CNRS/Univ. Paris 6-61, avenue du Président Wilson, 94230, Cahan Cedex, France

    L. Daudeville

  2. Building Research Institute, 1-Tatehara, 305, Tsukuba, Japan

    M. Yasumura

Authors
  1. L. Daudeville
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  2. M. Yasumura
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Editorial note Laurent Daudeville works at the Laboratoire de Mécanique et de Technologie, École Normale Supérieur, Cachan. This laboratory is a RILEM Associate Member.

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Daudeville, L., Yasumura, M. Failure analysis of timber bolted joints by fracture mechanics. Mat. Struct. 29, 418–425 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02485992

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