Abstract
The effects of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine (N) and the volatile anesthetics halothane (H), enflurane (E), isoflurane (I), and sevoflurane (S) on myocardial metabolism after postischemic reperfusion were assessed in the isolated rat heart-lung preparation. Wistar-ST rats were randomly divided into six groups (each groupn=9) as follows: control (C) group, no drugs; N group, N (100 ng·ml−1); H group, 1% H and N; E group, 2.2% E and N; I group, 1.5% I and N; and the S group, 3.3% S and N. In the presence of the volatile anesthetics, the preparations were perfused for 10 min, made globally ischemic for 8 min, and then reperfused for 10 min. N 100 ng·ml−1 was administered 5 min before ischemia except in the C group. Three hearts in the C and H groups (eachn=9) and one heart in the E group (n=9) failed to recover from ischemia. The recovery times in the N, I and S groups were significantly shorter than controls. Although there was no significant difference in myocardial lactate concentrations among the groups, ATP content in the N, H, E, I and S groups was significantly higher than in controls. Glycogen content in the N, E, I and S groups was also significantly higher than in controls. These results suggest that N improves myocardial recovery from ischemia; however, in the presence of H or E it may cause significant myocardial depression.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Seki T, Takenaka T (1977) Pharmacological evaluation of YC-93, a new vasodilator, in healthy male volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol 15:267–274
Hof RP (1983) Calcium antagonist and the peripheral circulation: differences and similarities between PY 108-068, nicardipine, verapamil and diltiazem. Br J Pharmacol 78:375–394
Rusy BF, Komai H (1987) Anesthetic depression of myocardial contractility: a review of possible mechanisms. Anesthesiology 67:745–766
De Traglia MC, Komai H, Rusy BF (1988) Differential effects of inhalation anesthetics on myocardial potentiated-state contractions in vitro. Anesthesiology 68:534–540
Shibata T, Blanck TJJ, Sagawa K, et al. (1989) The effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on the dynamic stiffness of rabbit papillary muscle. Anesthesiology 70:496–502
Lynch C, Frazer MJ (1989) Depressant effects of volatile anesthetics upon rat and amphibian ventricular mechanisms of action. Anesthesiology 70:511–522
Kashimoto S, Tsuji Y, Kumazawa T (1987) Effects of halothane and enflurane on myocardial metabolism during postischaemic reperfusion in the rat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 31:44–47
Kashimoto S, Oguchi M, Kume M, et al. (1990) Interaction between calcium blockers and volatile anaesthetics in the rat heartlung preparation. Br J Anaesth 64:601–605
Wynants J, Belle HV (1985). Single-run high-performance liquid chromatography of nucleotides, nucleosides, and major purine bases and its application to different tissue extracts. Anal Biochem 144:258–266
Bergmeyer HU (1975) Neue Werte für die molaren Extinktions-Koeffizienten von NADH und NADPH zum Gebrauch im Routine-Laboratorium. Zeit Klin Chem Klin Biochem 13:507–508
Werner W, Rey H-G Wielinger H. (1970) Über die Eigenschaften eines neuen Chromogens für die Blutzuckerbestimmung nach der GOD/POD-Methode. Zeit Anal Chem 252:224–228
Schiantarelli P, Ferrari R, Razzetti R, et al. (1983) The “in vivo” and “in vitro” effects of nicardipine on coronary resistance and myocardial performance. J Mol Cell Cardiol 15 [Suppl. I]:228
Iliopoulou A, Turner P, Warrington SJ (1983) Acute haemodynamic effects of a new calcium antagonist, nicardipine, in man. A comparison with nifedipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:59–66
Silke B, Verma SP, Nelson GIC, et al. (1984) Haemodynamic dose-response effects of i.v. nicardipine in coronary artery disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 18:717–724
Silke B, Graham DJM, Verma SP, et al. (1986) Pharmacokinetic, haemodynamic and radionuclide studies with nicardipine in coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 29:651–657
Silke B, Verma SP, Hafizullah M, et al. (1984) Haemodynamic effects of nicardipine in acute myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med J 60 [Suppl. IV]:29–34
Lahiri A, Robinson CW, Tovey J, et al. (1984) Intravenous nicardipine in patients with chronic heart failure: a nuclear stethoscope study. Postgrad Med J 60 [Suppl. IV]:35–38
Ryman KS, Kubo SH, Lystash J, et al. (1986) Effect of nicardipine on rest and exercise hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 58:583–588
Kishi Y, Okumura F, Furuya H (1984) Haemodynamic effects of nicardipine hydrochloride. Br J Anaesth 56:1003–1007
Hysing ES, Chelly JE, Doursout MF, et al. (1986) Cardiovascular effects of and interaction between calcium blocking drugs and anesthetics in chronically instrumented dogs. III. Nicardipine and isoflurane. Anesthesiology 65:385–391
van Wezel HB, Koolen JJ, Visser CA, et al. (1989) Antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effects of nicardipine and nitroprusside in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 64:22H-27H
Reimer K, Hill M, Jennings RB (1981) Prolonged depletion of ATP and of the adenine nucleotide pool due to delayed resynthesis of adenine nucleotides following reversible myocardial ischemic injury in dogs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 13:229–239
Schaper J, Mulch J, Winkler B, et al. (1979) Ultrastructural, functional, and biochemical criteria for estimation of reversibility of ischemic injury: A study on the effects of global ischemia on the isolated dog heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 11:521–541
Kloner RA (1988) Calcium channel blockade during ischemia-reperfusion sequences. J Mol Cell Cardiol 20:457–458
Reves JG, Kissin I, Lell WA, et al. (1982) Calcium entry blockers: Uses and implications for anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 57:504–518
Marijic J, Bosnjak ZJ, Stowe DF, et al. (1988) Effects and interaction of verapamil and volatile anesthetics on the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. Anesthesiology 69:914–922
Housmans PR, Murat I (1988) Comparative effects of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane at equipotent anesthetic concentrations on isolated ventricular myocardium of the ferret. I: Contractility. Anesthesiology 69:451–461
Stowe DF, Marijic J, Bosnjak Z, et al. (1991) Direct comparative effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on oxygen supply and demand in isolated hearts. Anesthesiology 74:1087–1095
Stowe DF, Monroe S, Marijic J, et al. (1991) Comparison of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane with nitrous oxide on contractility and oxygen supply and demand in isolated hearts. Anesthesiology 75:1062–1074
Bosnjak ZJ, Aggarwal A, Turner LA, et al. (1992) Differential effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on Ca2+ transients and papillary muscle tension in guinea pigs. Anesthesiology 76:123–131
Kazama T, Ikeda K (1988) The comparative cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane, halothane and isoflurane. J Anesth 2:63–68
Bernard J, Wouters PF, Doursout M, et al. (1990) Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on cardiac and coronary dynamics in chronically istrumented dogs. Anesthesiology 72:659–662
Conzen PF, Vollmar B, Habazettl H, et al. (1992) Systemic and regional hemodynamics of isoflurane and sevoflurane in rats. Anesth Analg 74:79–88
Kashimoto S (1988) Effects of isoflurane on myocardial metabolism during postischaemic reperfusion in the rat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 32:199–202
Kashimoto S, Oguchi T, Kume M, et al. (1989) Effects of sevoflurane on myocardial metabolism during postischemic reperfusion in the rat. J Anesth 3:23–26
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Kashimoto, S., Nakamura, T., Kume, M. et al. Effects and interaction of nicardipine and volatile anesthetics in the rat heart-lung preparation. J Anesth 8, 78–83 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482760
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482760