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Drying/hydration in cement pastes during curing

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Abstract

As concrete cures in the field, there is a constant competition for the mixing water between evaporation and hydration processes. Understanding the mechanisms of water movement in the drying/hydrating cement paste is critical for designing curing systems and specialized rendering materials, as well as for selecting repair materials and methodologies. In this work, X-ray absorption measurements indicate that fresh cement paste dries uniformly throughout its thickness, as opposed to exhibiting the sharp drying front observed for most porous materials. Furthermore, in layered composite cement paste specimens, water always flows from the coarser-pore layer to the finer one, both when coarser pores are produced by using an increased water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and when they are present due to using a cement with a coarser particle size distribution at a constant w/c. Conversely, no clear differential water movement is observed between layers of cement paste and mortar of the same nominal w/c. Based on the results of these experiments, drying has been introduced into the NIST CEMHYD3D cement hydration and microstructure development model, by emptying the largest water-filled pores present at any depth in the model specimen at a user-specified (drying) rate. With this addition, the CEMHYD3D model produces results in good agreement with experimental observations of both the drying profiles and the hydration kinetics of thin cement paste specimens.

Résumé

Lors de la cure du ciment sur chantier, la réaction d'hydratation est en constante compétition avec l'évaporation. La compréhension des mécanismes de mouvements d'eau au sein de la pâte en cours de séchage/hydration est essentielle non seulement en vue de déterminer des méthodes de cure adaptées et de développer des mortiers spéciaux, mais également en vue de sélectionner les bons produits et les bonnes méthodologies de réparation. Dans ce travail, les mesures d'absorption des rayons X mettent en évidence que la pâte de ciment sèche de façon uniforme sur toute son épaisseur, et non selon un front marqué comme on peut couramment l'observer dans les matériaux poreux. De plus, dans le cas de pâte de ciment bi-couche, les mouvements d'eau se font toujours de la couche contenant les pores de taille la plus importante vers celle contenant les pores les plus fins, que les pores grossiers soient dus à un rapport e/c élevé ou à une granulométrie grossière des particules de ciment. À l'inverse, aucun mouvement d'eau n'est observé entre couches de pâte de ciment et de mortier à rapport e/c constant. Sur la base de ces résultats, le séchage a été introduit dans le modèle d'hydratation et de développement de la microstructure du ciment CEMHYD3D développé par le NIST. Les pores saturés d'eau de tailles les plus importantes sont ainsi vidés selon une cinétique fixée par l'opérateur, ceci quelle que soit leur position dans l'épaisseur de l'échantillon. CEMHYD3D génère ainsi des résultats présentant une bonne corrélation avec les observations expérimentales, en terme de profils de séchage et de cinétiques d'hydratation, réalisées sur des pâtes de ciment de faible épaisseur.

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Editorial Note Mr. Dale P. Bentz is a RILEM Senior Member. He works at the NIST (USA), a Titular Member. He is also a Member of RILEM Coordinating Committee and was awarded the Robert L'Hermite medal in 1998. CSTB (France) is a RILEM Titular Member

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Bentz, D.P., Hansen, K.K., Madsen, H.D. et al. Drying/hydration in cement pastes during curing. Mat. Struct. 34, 557–565 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482182

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482182

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