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A new high-frequency torsional rheometer for bituminous binders

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Abstract

When a rod is performing torsional vibrations at one of its resonance frequencies, any interaction with a viscoelastic medium will change both its resonance frequency and its damping characteristics. By measuring this change, modulus, phase angle, elastic and viscous constants of a bituminous binder can be obtained. The new High-Frequency Torsional resonance Rheometer (HFTR) developed at ETH Zürich and presented in this study is based on this principle.

In comparison to prevailing rheometers, the HFTR is inexpensive and has various technical advantages. It can be embedded in the binder or placed on its surface and is suited for laboratory and field measurements. High frequencies in the 1 to 60 kHz range allow the measurements to be unaffected by traffic induced low frequencies, which makes it ideal for field measurements. The HFTR can also be used for continuous monitoring of binder aging effects or as a portable fingerprinting tool for materials characterization in the laboratory. In addition, it allows continuous measurements during binder production.

This study focuses on the measurement technique using the HFTR for laboratory experiments involving conditioning of bitumen in a high temperature oven. Furthermore measurement uncertainties and practical examples are discussed.

Résumé

Quand une tige entre en vibration torsionnelle à l’une de ses fréquences de résonance, toute interaction avec un matériau visco-élastique changera à la fois sa fréquence de résonance et ses caractéristiques d’amortissement. En mesurant cette variations, on peut obtenir le module, l’angle de phase, les constantes élastiques et visqueuses d’un liant bitumineux. Le nouveau Rhéomètre à résonance Torsionnelle Haute-Fréquence (HFTR en anglais) développé à l’ETH Zürich et présenté dans cette étude est basé sur ce principe.

En comparaison avec les rhéomètres actuellement prépondérants sur le marché, le HFTR est peu coûteux et a de nombreux avantages techniques. Il peut être plongé dans le liant ou placé sur sa surface et il est alors approprié aux mesures de laboratoire comme de terrain. La gamme de haute fréquences 1 à 60 kHz a pour conséquence que les mesures ne sont pas affectées par les basses fréquences liées au trafic, ce qui le rend idéal pour les mesures de terrain. Le HFTR peut aussi être utilisé pour la surveillance continue des effets de vieillissement des liants ou être utilisé comme un outil portable réalisant des empreintes destinées à la caractérisation du matériau au laboratoire. En outre, il permet des mesures continues pendant la production de liants bitumineux.

Cette étude est centrée sur les mesures techniques utilisant le HFTR pour des expériences des laboratoire impliquant le conditionnement du bitume dans des fours à haute température. De plus les incertitudes de mesure et des exemples pratiques sont discutés.

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References

  1. Goodbread, J., Sayir, M., Häusler, K. and Dual, J., ‘Method and device for measuring the characteristics of an oscillating system’; US Patent No. 5, 837, 885, European Patent No. 0749570, 1998.

  2. Sayir, M.B., Hochuli, A. & Partl, M.N., ‘Measuring the complex viscosity of bitumen in the kHz range with a new resonance rheometer’, Workshop Briefing, Euro-Bitume Workshop 99 on Performance Related Properties for Bituminous Binders, 3–6 May 1999 Luxembourg, Paper No. 106, 1999.

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  4. EN 12594, ‘Bitumen and bituminous binders—Preparation of test samples’, December 1999.

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  6. Poulikakos, L. D., Sayir, M. B. and Partl, M.N., ‘Long term field characterization of polymer bitumen using a new torsional dynamic resonance rheometer’, Proceedings of the fourth European Symposium on Performance of Bituminous and Hydraulic materials in Pavements, BITMAT 4, Nottingham, UK, 11–12 April 2002.

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Editorial Note: Presented at the 6th International RILEM Symposium on Performance Testing and Evaluation of Bituminous Materials (PTEBM’03), held on 14th–16th April 2003, in Zurich, Switzerland, this paper was selected as an outstanding communication and peer-reviewed by the Scientific Committee of the Journal Materials and Structures. Dr. Manfred N. Partl is a RILEM Fellow. He is the Chairman of RILEM TC 182-PEB ‘Performance testing and evaluation of bituminous material’s and works at EMPA, Switzerland, a RILEM Titular Member. Dr. Partl was recently appointed as an expert in the RILEM Technical Activities Committee (TAC).

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Poulikakos, L.D., Sayir, M.B. & Partl, M.N. A new high-frequency torsional rheometer for bituminous binders. Mat. Struct. 36, 657–660 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479498

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