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Phenomenological aspect of concrete durability theory

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Abstract

It is shown that concrete destruction by freezing and thawing, in dry and hot climate, under sulphate and potassium aggression occurs because of high inner tensile stresses appearing as a result of bonding in concrete conglomerate the components with widely different deformations under the action of corrosion. The problem of concrete frost resistance is considered in detail. The model of concrete as a material of “conglomerate in conglomerate” type, divided into three structural levels is proposed. The measurement of damage to concrete, being characterized by the ratio of maximum total inner stresses to local strength of structure is introduced. It is shown that the developed approach makes it possible to explain from a single viewpoint the majority of experimental facts, known in the field of concrete durability.

Résumé

Dans cet article on étudie l'aspect phénoménologique de la théorie de la durabilité du béton qui se détruit par l'effet des pressions internes et de la pression interstitielle. On étudie les déformations et les contraintes iternes dans le béton ainsi que les fissures et autres détériorations provoquées par ces phénomènes. On introduit le modèle mathématique du béton considéré comme un matériau de type: «agglomérat dans l'agglomérat» divisé en niveaux structuraux. La formule pour le calcul des déformations internes aux niveaux différents est proposée. Le calcul des contraintes a été effectué sur la base du modèle: «bille à enveloppe sphérique». Il est établi que les contraintes maximales de traction apparaissent dans le béton quand il est constitué des composants subissant des déformations tout à fait différentes sous les effets des attaques corrosives. On avance l'idée d'une mesure de la durabilité du béton qui s'exprime par le rapprt de la somme des contraintes internes de traction à la résistance locale de la structure.

L'analyse détaillée a été effectuée dans le domaine de la résistance du béton au gel. Il est établi que les idées developpées permettent d'expliquer, en partant d'un point de vue général, une grande quantité de résultats expérimentaux obtenus par l'étude de la résistance du béton au gel: la localisation des fissures pendant la destruction sous l'action du gel: l'influence de la composition du béton sur sa résistance au gel; le module d'élasticité des granulats; la formation des pores à l'aide d'entrîneurs d'air.

On examine aussi la mesure de la résistance du béton au gel comme l'indice caractérisant la stabilité du béton soumis au gel pendant un cycle et la durabilité du béton soumis à un essai à plusieurs cycles. On analyse le schéma des phénomènes successifs qui amènent en fin de compte à la destruction corrosive du béton.

En conclusion on peut formuler l'hypothèse que les idées développées se rapportent non seulement à la résistance du béton au gel mais aussi à une grande quantité d'autres phénomènes qui provoquent la destruction du béton tels que: les corrosions sulfatique et potassique, différents effets de température, d'humidité, etc.

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Abbreviations

Δ:

before symbol “-” designates the change of corresponding symbol

a :

core radius in model

B :

external radius of envelope in model

E :

elasticity modulus

N :

the number of test cycles (the same in indices)

N st :

frost resistance in cycles, determined in accordance with standard procedure (the same in indices)

n :

the number of structural elements

R :

strength

t :

temperature

t 0 :

temperature at which α1≈α2

v :

volume concentration

w/c :

water/cement ratio in concrete

α:

linear coefficient of temperature expansion

δ=a−B :

envelope thickness in model

ε:

relative deformation of component in model

μ:

Poisson's ratio

σ:

stresses

σ r :

normal stresses in envelope, radial

σ θ :

normal stresses in envelope, tangential

σ′ r ,θ=σ r ,θ/Δt :

specific stresses

1:

core in model (aggregate)

2:

envelope in model (binding)

I, II, III:

1st, 2nd, 3rd structural levels, respectively

c :

concrete

c a :

coarse aggregate

cl:

clinker

con:

conglomerate

d :

dynamical

f a :

fine aggregate

h :

hydrated mass

i :

instantaneous

l :

local

m :

mortar

s :

cement stone

res:

residual

Ω:

summary

t :

tension

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  1. Research Institute of Conecrete and Reinforced Concrete, Gosstroy U.S.S.R., Moscow

    A. M. Podvalnyi Ph. D.

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  1. A. M. Podvalnyi Ph. D.
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Podvalnyi, A.M. Phenomenological aspect of concrete durability theory. Mat. Constr. 9, 151–162 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479005

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