Machines for static and sustained loading

Conclusions

Testing machines for static loading have common characteristic features which are independent from machine purpose and design. Sheer machine properties can affect the test result. Some of these influence factors which are of special interest for the moment, have been mentioned and possibilities pointed out how to reduce or eliminate the influences. More details have been given on the influence of machine stiffness and its diminution by the controlled hydraulic machine, as well as on the influence of the load measuring device and the necessity of an inertialess load measurement for certain tests.

New-style regulating devices and strain measuring instruments have been dealt with; the influence of the load application elements has been shown by the example of compression-, tension- and buckling-specimens, and clamping tools indicated which have been developed under consideration of the same.

The problems have been illustrated by building material testing machines for compression and buckling tests, as well as tensile and universal testing machines. Creep and relaxation testers for tests at ambient temperature, under elevated temperature or in a vacuum, as well as for concrete testing, have been described in short.