Abstract
One of the most recent orthotic and therapeutical approaches to hemiplegia is functional electrical stimulation. It was observed that the electronic peroneal brace which is applied to hemiplegics with drop-foot, produces in some patients long-term effects which outlast the actual stimulation time. The paper proposes two models which explain the clinical observations and suggests further experiments in order to obtain more realistic models.
Sommaire
L'une des considérations les plus récentes, orthotique et thérapeutique, envers l'hémiplégie est la stimulation électrique fonctionelle. Il a été observé que le support péronéel électronique appliqué aux hémiplégiques avec pied tombant, produit chez certains malades des effets à long terme qui survivent le temps actuel de stimulation. L'exposé propose deux modèles qui expliquent les observations clinicales et suggère des expériences supplémentaires afin d'obtenir des modèles plus réalistes.
Zusammenfassung
Eine der neuesten orthotischen und therapeutischen Annäherungen auf Hemiplegie ist funktionelle elektrische Reizung. Man hatte beobachtet, dass das elektronische peronäale Stützband, welches bei Personen mit Hemiplegie und Hängefuss angewandt wird, bei einigen Patienten lang andauernde Wirkungen hervorruft, die über die Zeitdauer der Anreizung hinausgehen. Der Bericht schlägt zwei Modelle vor, welche die klinischen Beobachtungen erklären und empfiehlt weitere Experimente, um mehr realistische Modelle zu erhalten.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Crochetiere, W. J., Vodovnik, L. andReswick, J.B. (1967) Electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle—a study of muscle as an actuator.Med. biol. Engng.5, 111–125.
Dimitrijevič, M. R. (1967) Use of physiological mechanisms in the electrical control of paralyzed extremities. External control of human extremities, Yugoslav committee for electronics and automation, Belgrade, 27.
Eccles, J. C. andMcIntyre, A. K. (1953) The effects of disuse and of activity on mammalian spinal reflexes.J. Physiol. 121, 492–516.
Forbes, A. andMahan, C. (1963) Attempts to train the spinal cord.J. Comp. physiol. Psychol. 56, 36–40.
Gračanin, F. andMarinček, I. (1970) Development of new systems for functional electrical stimulation.Advances in External Control of Human Extremities Yugoslav Committee for Electronics and Automation, Belgrade, 495.
Horridge, G. A. (1968)Interneurones. Freeman, London.
Jeglič A., Vavken, andBenedik, M. (1970) Implantable muscle nerve stimulator as a part of an electronic brace.Advances in External Control of Human Extremities, Yugoslav Committee for Electronics and Automation, 593–603.
Konorski, J. (1967)Integrative Activity of the Brain, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kralj, A., Trnkoczy, A. andAčimovič, R. (1971) Correction of the gait cycle of hemiplegic patients by means of a three-channel functional electrical stimulator.Elektrotehn. Vestnik, in press.
Liberson, W. T., Holmquest, H. J., Scott, D. andDow, M. (1961) Functional electrotherapy: stimulation of the peroneal nerve synchronized with the swing phase of the gait of hemiplegic patients.Arch. phys. med. Rehab. 42, 101.
Long, C. II andMasciarelli, V. D. (1963) An electrophysiologic splint for the hand.Arch. phys. med. Rehab. 44, 499.
McCulloch, W. S. andPitts, W. (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity.Bull. Math. Biophys. 5, 115–133.
McNeal, D. R. andWilemon, W. K. (1969) Treatment, of spasticity through functional electrical stimulation, Neuroelectric Conf. San Francisco.
Perry, J. andHislop, H. J. (1967)Principles of Lower-extremity Bracing. American Physical Therapy Association, New York.
Siemens Company (1966) Data published for Neuroton 621, by Siemens Reiniger A. G. Erlangen, West Germany.
Vodovnik, L. (1965) The modelling of conditioned reflexes.Med. Electron biol. Engng.3, 1–10.
Vodovnik, L., Long, C. II, Reswick, J. B., Lippay, A. andStarbuck, D. (1965) Myo electric control of paralyzed muscles.Trans. IEEE BME-12, 169.
Vodovnik, L., Crochetiere, W. J. andReswick, J. B. (1967) Control of a skeletal joint by electrical stimulation of antagonistsMed. biol. Engng,5, 97–109.
Young, J. Z. (1964)A Model of the Brain Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vodovnik, L. Information processing in the central nervous system during functional electrical stimulation. Med. & biol. Engng. 9, 675–682 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02474648
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02474648