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Calibration of contact microphones applied to the human chest wall

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Abstract

The international subcommittee for calibration of microphones for phonocardiography expressed the need for: (a) the determination of the frequency response of microphones when applied to the chest wall; (b) easy methods for checking the performance and sensitivity of contact microphones. Starting from formulae for the voltage-output of microphones when applied to the chest wall two unknown parameters necessary for computation were determined experimentally. These were the mechanical impedance or force-velocity ratios of the microphone and of the chest wall. The mechanical impedance of the chest wall however proves to be a variable dependent on four factors: the subject, the location on the chest wall, the contact area of the knob, and the static pressure with which the knob of the microphone is applied on the chest wall.

The calibration is applicable for any type of microphone and lends itself to the comparison of different contact microphones applied to the chest wall which is of interest when a precise qualification should be required. Finally, an easy, clinically useful, method for checking contact microphones is briefly described.

Sommaire

Le sous-comité international pour le calibrage de microphones pour phono-cardiographie a exprimé la nécessité de: (a) déterminer la réponse de fréquence de microphones appliqués à la cage thoracique; (b) méthodes faciles pour vérifier la performance et la sensibilité de microphones de contact. En partant des formules donnant la tension de sortie de microphones lorsqu'ils sont appliqués à la cage thoracique, deux paramètres inconnus nécessaires au calcul, ont été déterminés expérimentalement. Ceux-ci étaient l'impédance mécanique des rapports force-vélocité du microphone et de la cage thoracique. L'impédance mécanique, de la cage thoracique cependant, est prouvé être une variable fonction de quatre facteurs: le sujet, l'emplacement sur la cage thoracique, la surface de contact du bouton, et la pression statique avec laquelle le bouton du microphone est appliqué sur la cage thoracique.

Le calibrage est applicable à tout genre de microphone et s'adapte à la comparaison de divers microphones de contact appliqués à la cage thoracique ce qui est d'intérêt lorsqu'une qualification précise est voulue. Finalement, on décrit brièvement une méthode simple, cliniquement utile pour vérifier les microphones de contact.

Zusammenfassung

Das internationale Subkommittee für Kalibrierung von Mikrofonen für Phonokardiographie hat die Notwendigkeit ausgedrückt für: (a) die Bestimmung der Frequenzreaktion von Mikrofonen, die an der Brustwand benutzt werden, (b) leichte Verfahren zur Prüfung von Leistung und Empfindlichkeit von Kontaktmikrofonen. Von den Formeln für SpannungLeistung von Mikrofonen für die Brustwand ausgehend, wurden zwei, für die Berechnung erforderlichen, unbekannten Parameter experimentell ermittelt. Diese waren die mechanische Impedanz order Kraft-Geschwindigkeitsverhältnisse des Mikrofons und der Brustwand. Die mechanische Impedanz der Brustwand erweist sich allerdings als veränderlich abhängig von vier Faktoren: der Person, der Lage auf der Brustwand, der Kontaktfläche des Knopfes und dem statischen Druck, den der Mikrofonknopf auf die Brustwand ausübt.

Die Kalibrierung ist für jede Art von Mikrofon anwendbar und ermöglicht den Vergleich verschiedener Kontaktmikrofone in Benutzung an der Brustwand, was von Interesse ist, wenn eine genaue Eignung erforderlich gemacht wird. Schliesslich wird eine leichte, klinisch nützliche Methode zur Prüfung von Kontaktmikrofonen kurz beschrieben.

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The paper has been read at the8th Int. Conf. on Med. & biol. Engng, July 23, 1969 in Chicago.

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Van Vollenhoven, E. Calibration of contact microphones applied to the human chest wall. Med. & biol. Engng. 9, 365–373 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02474090

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