Skip to main content
Log in

Development of nitriding in Russia. The third period (1960–1980): Low-temperature thermochemical treatment (LTTCT)

  • Chemicothermal Treatment
  • Published:
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Aims and scope

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. G. N. Dubinin, “Structure-energy hypothesis of the effect of diffusion layer on the volume properties of alloys,” in:Protective Coatings on Metals, Issue 10 [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1976), pp. 86–90.

    Google Scholar 

  2. G. N. Dubinin, “Effect of the state of the surface layer on the complex (volume) properties of metallic materials,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 8, 47–49 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. N. Dubinin, “Effect of chemical heat treatment on the structure and energy state of the surface of a metal and its volume properties,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 7, 69–71 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  4. G. N. Dubinin and A. P. Kushnarenko, “Physicochemical properties of aluminum and alloy D16T after diffusion galvanizing,” in:Protective Coatings on Metals, Issue 16 [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1982), pp. 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  5. G. N. Dubinin,Foundations of Physicochemical Processes of Hardening and Restoring Parts of Machines and Automatic Devices [in Russian], RZILTP, Moscow (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Yu. M. Lakhtin and Ya. D. Kogan,Nitriding of Steel [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. A. Prokoshkin,Thermochemical Treatment of Metals: Carbonitriding [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. N. Minkevich,Thermochemical Treatment of Metals and Alloys [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Yu. V. Sorokin and A. N. Minkevich, “Nitriding of steel in a mixture of nitrogen and ammonia,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 5, 49–52 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yu. M. Lakhtin,Physical Fundamentals of the Nitriding Process [in Russian], Mashgiz, Moscow (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yu. M. Lakhtin,Scientific Foundations of Nitriding Technology, Author’s Abstract of Doctoral Thesis [in Russian], Moscow (1953).

  12. Yu. M. Lakhtin, “Regulation of the phase composition and nitrogen content in the nitride layer in steel nitriding,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 1, 6–11 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  13. L. V. Beloruchev, V. V. Dembovskii, et al.,Nitriding with Diluted Ammonia [in Russian], LDNTP, Moscow (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Yu. M. Lakhtin and G. N. Neustroev, “Low-temperature gas cyaniding of structural steels,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 3, 22–28, (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Yu. M. Lakhtin and G. N. Neustroev, “Low-temperature nitrocarburizing of high-speed steels,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 4, 73–74 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  16. E. N. Druzhinina, V. N. Volynskii, and S. P. Fomin, “A study of the surface layer and mechanical properties of structural steels after low-temperature nitrocarburizing,”Izv. Vuzov, Mashinostr., No. 7, 115–119 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  17. E. N. Druzhinina and V. N. Volynskii, “Improving the service properties of gears by low-temperature nitrocarburizing,” in:Production of Preforms in Machine Building [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1971), pp. 207–215.

    Google Scholar 

  18. V. N. Volynskii, I. K. Ganulich, and E. N. Druzhinina, “Increasing the contact fatigue strength of steel 40Kh by low-temperature nitrocarburizing,”Izv. Vuzov, Mashinostr., No. 5, 121–125 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. A. Yurgenson, “Gas nitriding with additives of carbon-bearing gases,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 11, 63–66 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  20. V. N. Glushchenko and G. A. Kondrashova,Use of Nitriding in Basic Engineering [in Russian], Minavtoprom, Moscow (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  21. T. G. Demidova, V. N. Glushchenko, V. M. Zinchenko, and G. A. Kondrashova, “Effect of the chemical composition and microstructure of the hardened layer on the properties of steel 40Kh after low-temperature nitrocarburizing,”Avtomob. Prom., No. 10, 34–35 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  22. V. N. Glushchenko, T. G. Demidova, V. G. Pchelkin, V. M. Zinchenko, et al., “Structure and phase composition of the surface layer of steel 40Kh after low-temperature nitrocarburizing,”Avtomob. Prom., No. 1, 33–35 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yu. M. Lakhtin, Yu. N. Krymskii, and V. A. Semenov, “Nitriding of high-strength cast iron in glow discharge,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 3, 37–41 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  24. B. N. Arzamasov,Chemical Heat Treatment of Metals in Activated Gas Media [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  25. B. N. Arzamasov and I. A. Mikhailov, “A study of some processes of ion nitriding,” inPeredovoi Nauch. Tekh. Proizv. Opyt, No. 18-16-1319/113 [in Russian], GOSINTI Moscow (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. N. Arzamasov, “Thermochemical treatment of alloys in activated gas media,” in:Mater. 5th IFHT Congr. Budapest, Vol. 3 [in Russian] (1986).

  27. I. A. Mikhailov, “Ion proportion in discharge nitriding,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 10, 50–51 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  28. I. A. Mikhailov, “A study of channel rays in glow discharge in nitriding,” in:Protective Coatings on Metals, Issue 1 [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1967), pp. 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  29. T. A. Panaioti,Nitriding of High-Strength Steels and Alloys in Glow Discharge [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. A. Babad-Zakhryapin and G. D. Kuznetsov,Thermochemical Treatment in Glow Discharge [in Russian], Atomizdat, Moscow (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  31. E. N. Eremin,Elements of Gas Electrochemistry [in Russian], Izd. MGU, Moscow (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Yu. M. Lakhtin and Yu. N. Krymskii, “Physical processes in ion nitriding,” in:Protective Coatings on Metals, Issue 2 [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1968), pp. 225–229.

    Google Scholar 

  33. O. I. Butenko, Ya. M. Golovchiner, and S. A. Skotnikov, “Formation of diffusion layer in ion nitriding”, in:Advanced Methods of Thermal and Thermachemical Treatment [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1972), pp. 122–128.

    Google Scholar 

  34. O. I. Butenko and Yu. M. Lakhtin, “On the mechanism of rapid diffusion of nitrogen in iron under ion nitriding,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 6, 21–24 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Yu. M. Lakhtin, Ya. D. Kogan, H.-J. Spies, and S. Böhmer,The Theory and Technology of Nitriding [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  36. D. A. Prokoshkin, “Chemical and Thermal Methods of Steel Treatment,” inTrudy MISiS [in Russian], Moscow (1938), pp. 3–134.

  37. D. A. Prokoshkin,The Theory and Practice of Cyaniding of High-Speed Steels [in Russian], VNITOM, Moscow (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. A. Yurgenson,Nitriding of Parts in Liquid Media, No. 13-71-6 [in Russian], NIIinformtyazhmash, Moscow (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. N. Minkevich and G. Sugevyanu, “Thermochemical treatment of steels in salt mixtures bearing carbamide,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 10, 11–16 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  40. D. A. Prokoshkin, Inv. Certif. No. 576350 (USSR),Byul. Izobr., No. 3, 11–12 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yu. M. Lakhtin and Ya. D. Kogan,Gas Nitriding of Machine Parts and Tools [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  42. A. V. Gavrilova, S. A. Gerasimov, G. F. Kosolapov, and Yu. D. Tyapkin, “A study of the fine structure of nitrided parts,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 3, 14–20 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  43. S. A. Gerasimov,A Study of the Structure and Properties of Nitrided Steels, Author’s Abstract of Candidate’s Thesis [in Russian], MVTU, Moscow (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  44. A. V. Belotskii and O. G. Parkhomenko,High-Temperature Diffractometry of the Processes of Heat Treatment of Metals [in Russian], Politekh. Inst., Kiev (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  45. G. N. Dubinin,Diffusion Chromizing of Steel [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  46. G. N. Dubinin, “On the mechanism of formation of diffusion layer” in:Protective Coatings on Metals, Issue 10 [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1976), pp. 12–17.

    Google Scholar 

  47. G. N. Dubinin and T. S. Morozova, “Use of electron microscopic analysis for studying the diffusion layer,” in:Advanced Methods of Thermal and Chemical Treatment [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1972), pp. 173–176.

    Google Scholar 

  48. G. N. Dubinin,Diffusion Saturation of the Surfaces of Alloys with Metals, Author’s Abstract of Doctoral Thesis [in Russian], Moscow (1966).

  49. V. I. Konovaltsev, A. P. Gulyaev, and V. V. Nikitin, “A study of nitriding directly in the saturation process,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 4, 28–33 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. P. Gulyaev, V. I. Konovaltsev and V. V. Nikitin, “Special features of formation of the properties of the diffusion layer in nitriding process,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 10, 27–30 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Yu. M. Lakhtin, Ya. D. Kogan, and A. A. Bulgach, “Nitriding in basic engineering,” in:Sb. Nauch. Tr. MADI [in Russian], Moscow (1986), pp. 42–49.

  52. Yu. M. Lakhtin, N. V. Silina, and V. A. Fedchun, “Structure and properties of nitrided binary Fe−Al, Fe−V, and Fe−Ti alloys,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 1, 2–7 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Yu. M. Lakhtin and N. V. Silina, “Nature of the high hardness of alloyed ferrite after nitriding,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 6, 23–31 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yu. M. Lakhtin, “Diffusion fundamentals of the process of nitriding,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 7, 14–17 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. A. Zhukhovitskii and L. A. Shvartsman,Physical Chemistry [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ya. D. Kogan and G. A. Solodkin, “Thermodynamic foundations of controllable nitriding processes,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 4, 16–20 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  57. E. L. Gyulikhandanov and A. A. Popovich,Thermodynamic Calculation of the Equilibrium Conditions for Nitriding Atmospheres and Steel Surfaces [in Russian], LPI, Leningrad (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  58. E. L. Gyulikhandanov and A. A. Popovich,Analysis of the Nitriding Kinetics of Ferrite Alloy [in Russian], LPI, Leningrad (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. A. Shmykov, V. G. Khoroshailov, and E. L. Gyulikhandanov,Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Interaction between Controlled Atmospheres and Steel Surface [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Yu. M. Lakhtin, Ya. D. Kogan, A. N. Bobok, et al., “Effect of nitrogen on the properties of niobium and its alloys,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 10, 13–17 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Yu. M. Lakhtin, Ya. D. Kogan, and A. N. Bobok, “Effect of nitriding on the high-temperature strength of molybdenum and niobium,” in:Modern State of High-Temperature Metallography [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1974), pp. 138–145.

    Google Scholar 

  62. S. S. Kiparisov and Yu. V. Levinskii,Nitriding of Refractory Metals [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Yu. M. Lakhtin, Ya. D. Kogan, V. E. Kol’tsov, et al., “Nitriding of niobium and tantalum in glow discharge,” in:Nitriding in Glow Discharge, No. 13-77-14 [in Russian], NIIinformtyazhmash, Moscow (1977), pp. 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Yu. M. Laktin, V. E. Kol’tsov, and Ya. D. Kogan, “Nitriding of molybdenum in glow discharge,”Elektron. Obrab. Met., No. 3, 16–19 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ya. D. Kogan and V. E. Kol’tsov, “Effect of ion nitriding on the mechanical properties of refractory metals and alloys,” in:Nitriding in Machine Building, Trudy MADI, Issue 174 [in Russian], Moscow (1979), pp. 135–145.

  66. D. A. Prokoshkin, E. V. Vasil’eva, and T. A. Panaioti, “A study of nitriding of binary alloys of niobium with molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium,”Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Met., No. 4, 170–175 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  67. D. A. Prokoshkin, T. A. Panaioti, and A. S. Gordova, “A study of nitriding of tantalum,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 5, 32–35 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  68. T. A. Panaioti, “Surface nitriding of refractory metals and alloys,”Tr. MVTU, No. 497, 25–37 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  69. T. A. Panaioti, “Nitriding as a method for hardening refractory metals,” in:The 3rd Conf. of Metal Scientists of Russia, Coll. of Rep. [in Russian], Moscow, (1996), pp. 44–46.

  70. E. V. Vasil’eva and T. A. Panaioti, “Effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of nitrided niobium,”Izv. Vuzov, Mashinostr., No. 5, 102–105 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  71. T. A. Panaioti, “Effect of quenching and aging on the resistance of nitrided niobium and its MN-1 alloy to low plastic deformations at room and elevated temperatures,”Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 7, 33–36 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  72. D. A. Prokoshkin, E. V. Vasil’eva, and T. A. Panaioti, “Effect of nitriding on the high-temperature properties of niobium alloy,”Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., No. 2, 209–215 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  73. V. I. Soshnikov, A. V. Omel’chenko, I. Ya. Georgieva, and A. P. Bashchenko, “Effect of nitrogen on the parameter of the crystal lattice of austenite in an iron—manganese alloy,”Fiz. Met. Metalloved.,45(5), 1120 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. V. A. Mitrokhin, A. V. Rychagov, D. I. Belyi, V. I. Soshnikov, and A. V. Omel’chenko,A Method for Depositing a Superconducting Coating of Niobium Nitride, Inv. Certif. No. 991892 (USSR), Priority of December 29, 1980 [in Russian].

  75. Yu. A. Bashnin, A. N. Shiryaeva, F. B. Ulanovskii, V. I. Izotov, A. V. Omel’chenko, and V. I. Soshnikov,A Method for Treating Austenite Alloys, Inv. Certif. No. 1171543 (USSR), Priority of June 24, 1983 [in Russian].

  76. A. P. Bashchenko, G. S. Belousov, A. V. Omel’chenko, V. I. Soshnikov, and M. A. Shelagurov,A Method for Nitriding Parts from Composite Materials, Inv. Certif. No. 1478652 (USSR), Priority of February 2, 1987 [in Russian].

  77. A. P. Bashchenko, A. V. Omel’chenko, and V. I. Soshnikov, “Gasothermobaric methods for fabricating nitrogen-bearing alloys,”Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., No. 4, 143–145 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. P. Bashchenko, G. S. Belousov, A. V. Omel’chenko, V. I. Soshnikov, and V. A. Golikov, “Reinforcement of highmanganese austenite with nitrogen,”Fiz. Met. Metalloved.,67(4), 793–796 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. A. V. Omel’chenko, V. I. Soshnikov, and A. P. Bashchenko, “Dissolution of nitrogen in γ-iron under high pressure,”Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., No. 1, 190–193 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  80. A. V. Omel’chenko, A. N. Frolov, M. A. Shelagurov, M. E. Getmanova, and G. S. Belousov,A Method for Treating Steel Parts, Patent RU 2003732C1, Priority of September 30, 1992 [in Russian].

  81. Yu. S. Nechaev and A. V. Omel’chenko, “Dissolution and diffusion of nitrogen and carbon in austenite,”ÉNFKh,69(10), 1765–1770 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Additional information

Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 18–26, May, 2000.

The first period has been described in No. 7, 1999; the second period has been described in No. 1, 2000.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bannykh, O.A., Zinchenko, V.M., Prusakov, B.A. et al. Development of nitriding in Russia. The third period (1960–1980): Low-temperature thermochemical treatment (LTTCT). Met Sci Heat Treat 42, 174–182 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02469846

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02469846

Keywords

Navigation