Abstract
Seed-borne fungi from seeds of barley, canary, maize, oats, rice, rapeseed, red millet, sunflower, white millet and yellow millet were investigated. These seeds are available in the market as bird feed, supplied by companies in various countries as healthy and nutritious food for domestic birds. A total of 81 fungal species were isolated. The genusAspergillus was predominant with 23 species, followed byPenicillium with 18,Ulocladium with 7,Alternaria with 6 andChaetomium, Curvularia andDrechslera with 5 species each. Other genera isolated wereAureobasidium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus andSyncephalastrum.
Literature cited
Abdel-Hafez, S. I. I. 1984. Composition of the fungal flora of four cereal grains in Saudi Arabia. Mycopathologia85: 53–57.
Abou-Heilah, A. N. 1985. Seed-borne fungi of wheat and their control by seed treatments. Indian Phytopathol.37: 656–659.
Al-Julaifi, M. and Al-Khaliel, A. 1992. Incidence of modl growth and aflatoxin production in locally grown barley used as ingredient for poultry feeds. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res.10: 87–97.
Ashokhan, A., Rambandan, R. and Emayavrambran, N. 1979. Influence of seed-borne fungi on germination and post emergence mortality of rice (AOT) and ragi (CO7) seeds. Indian J. Microbiol.19: 232–234.
Bokhary, H. A. 1986. Seed mycoflora of wheat in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Tropical Plant Dis.4: 31–39.
Bokhary, H. A. 1991. Seed-borne fungi of rice (Orzyza sativa L.) from Saudi Arabia. J. Plant Dis.15: 55–64.
Bokhary, H. A. and Naguib, K. 1983. Production of mycotoxins by seed-borne fungi from Saudi Arabia. Egyptian J. Phytopathol.15: 55–64.
Ewaidah, E. H. 1988. Survey of poultry feeds for aflatoxins from Riyadh region. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res.6: 1–7.
Ewaidah, E. H. 1992. Aflatoxins survey of imported maize in Riyadh region. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res.10: 77–86.
Handoo, M. L. and Aulakh, K. S. 1979. Control of seed-borne fungi of maize by coating seeds with antagonistic ones. Seed Res.7: 151–156.
Hashem, A. R. 1990. Fungal flora of barley seeds in Saudi Arabia and its control. J. Food Prot.53: 786–789.
Kassim, M. Y. 1987. A study of seed-borne fungi of barley in Saudi Arabia. Phyton47: 115–120.
Kassim, M. Y., Bokhary, H. A. and Abou-Heiah, A. N. 1987. General survey of plant diseases and pathogenic organisms in Saudi Arabia, pp. 93–99. Saudi Biological Science Publication, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mehan, V. K. and Chohan, J. S. 1973. Aflatoxin B1-producing potential of isolates ofAspergillus flavus from cotton, maize and wheat. Mycopathologia49: 263–274.
Mirocha, C. J. and Christensen, C. M. 1974. Fungal metabolites toxic to animals. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.12: 303–330.
Sejeny, M. J., Fawfik, K. A. and El-Shaieb, M. K. 1984. Studies on mycoflora of cereal grains in the South-West region of Saudi Arabia I. Fungal associated with some cereal grains at post-harvest and during storage. Ann. Agr. Sci. (Moshtohor)22: 281–297.
Shafie, A. A. and Webster, E. J. 1981. A survey of seed-borne fungi ofSorghum bicolor from the Sudan. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.77: 339–342.
Wainwright, M. 1992. An introduction of fungal biotechnology, pp. 120–125. Wiley Publi, Sci.: New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Hashem, A.R. Seed-borne fungi in domestic bird feed in Saudi Arabia. Mycoscience 37, 223–226 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461348
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461348