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References
G.M. Kelly, “Prospective Liabilities of Sport Supervisors”,The Australian Law Journal 63 (October 1989), 669–685, at 679.
The Times, 23rd April 1996.
Nor, as Curtis J. noted in his judgment, litigated anywhere in the common law.
McNair J. inBolam v.Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 2 All E.R. 118 at 121.
Smith v.Littlewoods Organisation Ltd [1987] 1 All E.R. 710.
Condon v.Basi [1985] 2 All E.R. 453.
Wooldridge v.Sumner [1962] 2 All E.R. 978.
Ibid. Wooldridge v.Sumner [1962] 2 All E.R. 978.
Hall v.Brooklands Auto Racing Club [1932] All E.R. 208.
Sellers L.J. at 982b.
Sellers L.J. at 983h.
[1985] 2 All E.R. 453.
After Barwick C.J. inRootes v.Shelton [1968] ALR 33.
After Kitto J. inRootes v.Shelton, ibid. [1968] ALR 33.
Activity outside these rules can, of course, be the basis of a criminal action, as evinced by the case ofR v.John William Billinghurst. [1978]Crim.L.R. 553, where a rugby player in an “off the ball incident” punched an opponent with such force that he inflicted a double jaw fracture.
No matter how far “in the modern game of rugby punching is the rule rather than the exception” (R v.Williams, ibid.),Crim.L.R. 553, where a rugby player in an “off the ball incident” punched an opponent with such force that he inflicted a double jaw fracture, parties cannot be deemed to have consented to violent deliberate physical contact off the ball.
Transcript of the judgment. p. 11.
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Saville J. inDorset Yacht Co Ltd v.Home Office [1970] A.C. 1004, quoted by Lord Steyn inMarc Rich & Co. v.Bishop Rock Ltd. [1996] 1 A.C. 211 at 235 (H.L.(E.)).
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Rice, P. Fair play or spoiled sport: The legal obligations of the referee. Liverpool Law Rev 18, 81–90 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02440173
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02440173