Skip to main content
Log in

Analyses of techniques for measuring DC and AC electric fields in the magnetosphere

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Methods for measuring the amplitudes and directions of DC electric fields and the directions, power spectra, and dispersion relations of AC electric fields in the magnetosphere are discussed with emphasis on their applicability in various regimes of the magnetospheric plasma. The two classes of techniques that are discussed are measurement of the bulk flow of the plasma and the potential difference between pairs of separated conductors. The plasma bulk flow discussion includes measurements by ionospheric radar backscatter, whistler mode wave propagation, energetic or thermal particle trajectories, artificial ion cloud motion, probe measurements of bulk flow, vehicle wake analyses, effects of bulk flow on the coupling of antennas, and the bulk flow of an artificial electron beam.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mozer, F. S.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3651.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kellogg, P. J. and Weed, M.: 1969, in S. C. Coroniti and J. Hughes (eds.),Planetary Electro-dynamics, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, p. 431.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mozer, F. S. and Serlin, R.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 4739.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mozer, F. S.: 1971,Pure Appl. Geophys. 84, 32.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mozer, F. S. and Manka, R. H.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 1697.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kelley, M. C., Starr, J. A., and Mozer, F. S.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5269.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Mozer, F. S.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 7595.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mozer, F. S., Bogott, F. H., and Tsurutani, B.: 1972, University of California Space Sciences Laboratory Technical Report Series 13, Issue 9.

  9. Kavadas, A. and Johnson, D. W.: 1964, in P. Muller (ed.),Space Res. Vol. IV, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, p. 365.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mozer, F. S. and Bruston, P.: 1967,J. Geophys. Res. 72, 1109.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Aggson, T. L.: 1969, in B. M. McCormac and A. Omholt (eds.),Atmospheric Emissions Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, p. 547.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Potter, W. E. and Cahill, Jr., L. J.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5159.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mozer, F. S. and Fahleson, U. V.: 1970,Planetary Space Sci. 18, 1563.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Potter, W. E.: 1970,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5415.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fahleson, U. V., Fälthammar, C. -G., Pedersen, A., Knott, K., Brommundt, G., Schumann, G., Haerendel, G., and Rieger, E.: 1971,Radio Sci. 6, 233.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kelley, M. C., Mozer, F. S., and Fahleson, U. V.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6054.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Caufmann, D. P. and Gurnett, D. A.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6014.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Heppner, J. P.: 1972, Goddard Space Flight Center Technical Report No. X-645-72-10.

  19. Kelley, M. C. and Mozer, F. S.: 1971, University of California Space Sciences Laboratory Technical Report Series 12, Issue 34.

  20. Fahleson, U. V.: 1967,Space Sci. Rev. 7, 238.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mozer, F. S.: 1969, in K. Maeda (ed.),Proceedings of 1968 Cospar Symposium on Small Rocket Instrumentation Techniques, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, p. 26.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Tunaley, J. K. E. and Knott, K.: 1971,ESRO Sci. Tech. Rev. 2, 337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fahleson, U. V., Kelley, M. C., and Mozer, F. S.: 1970,Planetary Space Sci. 18, 1551.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Atkinson, W., Lundquist, S., and Fahleson, U. V.: 1971,Pure Appl. Geophys. 84, 46.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hoppel, W. A.: 1971,Pure Appl. Geophys. 84, 57.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kelley, M. C., Carlson, C., and Mozer, F. S.: 1972, private communication.

  27. Schutz, S., Adams, G., and Mozer, F. S.: 1972, Space Sciences Laboratory Technical Report.

  28. Haerendel, G., Lüst, R., and Rieger, E.: 1967,Planetary Space Sci. 15, 1.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Föppl, H., Haerendel, G., Haser, L., Lüst, R., Melzner, F., Meyer, B., Neuss, H., Rabben, H. H., Rieger, E., Stöcker, J., and Stoffregen, W.: 1968,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 21.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Haerendel, G. and Lüst, R.: 1968, in B. M. McCormac (ed.),Earth's Particles and Fields, Reinhold Book Corporation, New York, p. 271.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Haerendel, G., Lüst, R., Rieger, E., and Völk, H.: 1969, in B. M. McCormac and A. Omholt (eds.),Atmospheric Emissions, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, p. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wescott, E. M., Stolarik, J. D., and Heppner, J. P.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 3469.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Haerendel, G., Lüst, R., Melzner, F., Neuss, H., Rieger, E., Rhagava Rao, R., Narayanan, M. S., and Bhavsar, P. D.: 1970, Max Planck Institute Technical Report.

  34. Heppner, J. P., Stolarik, J. D., and Wescott, E. M.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6028.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Haerendel, G.: 1970, Max Planck Institute Technical Report MPI/PAE — Extraterr. 44/70.

  36. Kelley, M. C., Mozer, F. S., Haerendel, G., Fahleson, U. V., and Kavadas, A.: 1971,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 52, 329.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bowles, K. L.: 1954,J. Geophys. Res. 59, 533.

    Google Scholar 

  38. McNamara, A. G.: 1955,J. Geophys. Res. 60, 257.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Nichols, B.: 1957, University of Alaska Scientific Report No. 1.

  40. Leadabrand, R. L., Presnell, R. I., Berg, M. R., and Dyce, R. B.: 1959,J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1197.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Thome, G. D.: 1964,J. Geophys. Res. 69, 4047.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. LaLonde, L. M.: 1966,J. Geophys. Res. 71, 5059.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Carru, H., Petit, M., Vasseur, G., and Waldteufel, P.: 1967,Ann Geophys. 23, 455.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Woodman, R. F. and Hagfors, T.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 1205.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Balsley, B. B.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 1213.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Balsley, B. B.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 2333.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. Balsley, B. B. and Woodman, R. F.: 1969,J. Atmospheric. Terrest. Phys. 31, 865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Evans, J. V., Brockelman, R. A., Julian, R. F., Reid, W. A., and Carpenter, L. A.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 27.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Woodman, R. F.: 1970,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 6249.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Evans, J. V.: 1972, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Technical Report.

  51. Booker, H. G. and Gordon, W. E.: 1950,Proc. IRE 38, 401.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Booker, H. G.: 1956,J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 8, 204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Evans, J. V.: 1969,Proc. IEEE 57, 496.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Evans, J. V.: 1972,J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 34, 175.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. McNamara, A. G.: in B. M. McCormac (ed.),The Radiating Atmosphere, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, p. 301.

  56. Unwin, R. S.: 1972,Radio Sci., in press.

  57. Doupnik, J. R., Banks, P. M., Baron, M. J., Rino, C. L., and Petriceks, J.: 1972, in press.

  58. Carlson, C. W.: 1972, private communication; andTrans. Am. Geophys. Union 52, (1971), 329.

  59. Bering, E., Kelley, M. C., and Mozer, F. S.: 1970,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 51, 404.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Bering, E., Kelley, M. C., and Mozer, F. S.: 1972, University of California Space Sciences Laboratory Technical Report.

  61. Knott, K., Brommundt, G., and Schumann, G.: 1971,Planetary Space Sci. 19, 345.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Knott, K., Pedersen, A., and Tunaley, J. K. E.: 1971, paper presented at XIVth meeting of COSPAR, Seattle.

  63. Berthelier, J. -J.: 1971, paper presented at XIVth meeting of COSPAR, Seattle.

  64. Kelley, M. C.: 1972, private communication.

  65. Berthelier, J. -J.: 1972, private communication.

  66. Gdalevich, A. V.: 1964,Cosmic Res. 2, 196.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Imyanitov, I. M., Gdalevich, G. L., and Shvarts, Ya. M.: 1964,Artificial Earth Satellites 17, 66.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Shea, J. J.: 1967, ‘Collisionless Plasma Flow Around a Conducting Sphere in a Magnetic Field’, inRarified Gas Dynamics, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Taylor, J. C.: 1967,Planetary Space Sci. 15, 155.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. Liu, V. C.: 1969,Space Sci. Rev. 9, 423.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. Gurevich, A. V., Pitaevskii, L. P., and Smernova, V. V.: 1969,Space Sci. Rev. 9, 805.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Storey, O., Meyer, P., and Aubry, M.: 1969, in J. O. Thomas and B. J. Landmark (eds.),Plasma Waves in Space and in the Laboratory, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, p. 303.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Beghin, C.: 1970,Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 270, 431.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Beghin, C. and Renard, C.: 1970, in J. O. Thomas and B. J. Landmark (eds.),Plasma Waves in Space and in the Laboratory, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, p. 299.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Pottelette, R.: 1971, Third Cycle Thesis, University of Paris.

  76. Storey, O. and Pottelette, R.: 1971,Compt Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 273, 101.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Buneman, O.: 1958,Phys. Rev. Letters 1, 8.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. Buneman, O.: 1959,Phys. Rev. Letters 115, 503.

    MATH  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. Jackson, E. A.: 1960,Phys. Fluids 3, 786.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. Shapiro, V. D.: 1961,Phys. Rev. Letters 6, 376.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Field, E. C. and Fried, B. D.: 1964,Phys. Fluids 7, 1937.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. Fried, B. D. and Ossakow, S. L.: 1966,Phys. Fluids 9, 2428.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. Kindel, J. M. and Kennel, C. F.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3055.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. Scholer, M. and Haerendel, G.: 1971, Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics Technical Report.

  85. Ungstrup, E. E., Obayashi, H., Iverson, I. B., and Bahnsen, A.: 1972, talk given at American Geophysical Union Meeting, Washington.

  86. Kappler, H., Haerendel, G., Kelley, M. C., and Mozer, F. S.: 1972, talk given at American Geophysical Union Meeting, Washington.

  87. Kappler, H., Haerendel, G., Kelley, M. C., and Mozer, F. S.: 1972, in preparation.

  88. Reid, G. C.: 1965,Radio Sci. 69D, 827.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Mozer, F. S.: 1970,Planetary Space Sci. 18, 259.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. Mozer, F. S.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3651.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. Fahleson, U.: 1964, Royal Institute of Technology Report No. 69-36.

  92. Tunaley, J. K. E. and Knott, K.: 1970,ESRO Sci. Tech. Rev. 2, 337.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Pedersen, A.: 1972, ESTEC Technical Report, in preparation.

  94. Mozer, F. S.: 1972, in E. A. Wolff and E. P. Mercanti (eds.),Geoscience Instrumentation, in publication.

  95. Aggson, T.: 1972, private communication.

  96. Maynard, N. C. and Cauffman, D. P.: 1972, talk given at American Geophysical Union Meeting, Washington.

  97. Grard, R. J. L.: 1972, ESTEC Internal Working Paper No. 663.

  98. DeForest, S. E.: 1972,J. Geophys. Res. 77, 651.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. Pedersen, A.: 1972, private communication.

  100. Carpenter, D. L. and Stone, K.: 1967,Planetary Space Sci. 15, 395.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. Lacourly, S.: 1969,Ann. Geophys. 25, 444.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Offen, R. J.: 1972,Planetary Space Sci. 20, 135.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. Longmire, C. L.: 1967,Elementary Plasma Physics, Interscience Publishers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Helliwell, R. A.: 1968, in R. L. Carovillano, J. F. McClay and H. R. Rabowski (eds.),Physics of the Magnetosphere, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, p. 106.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Freeman, Jr., J. W., Warren, C. S., and Maguire, J. J.: 1968,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5719.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. McDiarmid, I. B., Burrows, J. R., and Wilson, M. D.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 3554.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. Anderson, K. A.: 1970,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 2591.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. McIlwain, C. E. and DeForest, S. E.: 1970, presented at the International Symposium on Solar Terrestrial Physics, Leningrad.

  109. Winckler, J. R.: 1970, in B. M. McCormac (ed.),Particles and Fields in the Magnetosphere, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, p. 332.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Van Allen, J. A.: 1970,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 29.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. Young, D. T.: 1970,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 51, 811.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Bogott, F. H. and Mozer, F. S.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 892.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. Shelley, E. G., Johnson, R. G., and Sharp, R. D.: 1971,Radio Sci. 6, 305.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. Haerendel, G. and Lüst, R.: 1970,in B. M. McCormac (ed.),Particles and Fields in the Magnetosphere, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, p. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Rieger, E., Haerendel, G., Kappler, H., Loidl, J., Lüst, R., and Neuss, H.: 1972,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 53, 482.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Adamson, D., Fricke, C. L., Long, S. A. T., Landon, W. F., and Ridge, D. L.: 1972,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 53, 483.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Wescott, E. M.: 1972, talk given at the American Geophysical Union Meeting, Washington.

  118. Manka, R. H. and Anderson, H. R.: 1968,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union,49, 227.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Melzner, F. and Volk, H.: 1970, ESRO Proposal No. 5-329.

  120. Carpenter, D. L., Stone, K., Siren, J. C., and Crystal, T. L.: 1972,J. Geophys. Res., in press.

  121. Storey, L. R. O.: 1963, Centre National d'Études des Telecommunications Technical Report No. 308TC.

  122. Shawhan, S. D. and Gurnett, D. A.: 1968,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5649.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. Gurnett, D. A. and Mosier, S. R.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 3979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. Awai, A., Outsu, J., and Tanaka, Y.: 1969,Proc. Res. Inst. Nagoya Univ. 13, 000.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Kelley, M. C.: 1970, University of California Ph.D. Thesis.

  126. Kelley, M. C., Mozer, F. S., and Fahleson, U. V.: 1970,Planetary Space Sci. 18, 847.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. Maynard, N. C., Aggson, T. K., and Heppner, J. P.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 1049.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. Cartwright, D. G. and Kellogg, P. J.: 1971,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 52, 902.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Gurnett, D. A., Mosier, S. R., and Anderson, R. R.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3022.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. Calvert, W. and Goe, G. B.: 1963,J. Geophys. Res. 68, 6113.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. Florida, C. S.: 1969,Proc. IEEE,57, 867.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Barrington, R. E., Hartz, T. L., and Harvey, R. W.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5278.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. Gurnett, D. A., Pfeiffer, G. W., Anderson, R. R., Mosier, S. R., and Cauffman, D. P.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 4631.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. Scarf, F. L., Crook, G. M., and Fredricks, R. W.: 1965,J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3045.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. Laaspere, T., Morgan, M. G., and Johnson, W. C.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 141.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. Crook, G. M., Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., Green, I. M., and Lukas, P.: 1969,IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron. GE-7, 120.

  137. Scarf, F. L., Kennel, C. F., Fredericks, R. W., Draan, I. M., and Crook, G. M.: 1970, in B. M. McCormac (ed.),Particles and Fields in the Magnetosphere, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, p. 275.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., Smith, E. J., Frandsen, A. M. A., and Serbu, G. P.: 1972,J. Geophys. Res. 77, 1776.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., and Crook, G. M.: 1968,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1723.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. McPherson, D. A. and Koons, H. C.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6112.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. Koons, H. C., Vampola, A. L., and McPherson, D. A.: 1972,J. Geophys. Res. 77, 1771.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. Heppner, J. P.: 1969, in B. M. McCormac and A. Omholt (eds.),Atmospheric Emissions, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, p. 251.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Maynard, N. C. and Heppner, J. P.: 1970, in B. M. McCormac (ed.),Particles and Fields in the Magnetosphere, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, p. 247.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Kelley, M. C. and Mozer, F. S.: 1971, University of California Space Sciences Laboratory Technical Report Series 12, Issue 43.

  145. Kelley, M. C. and Mozer, F. S.: 1971, University of California Space Sciences Laboratory Technical Report Series 12, Issue 44.

  146. Siscoe, G. L., Scarf, F. L., Green, I. M., Binsack, J. H., and Bridge, H. S.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res.,76, 828.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. Cartwright, D. G., Kellogg, P., and Kwok, S.: 1971,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 52, 887.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Gurnett, D. A., Shaw, R. R., and Rodriguez, P.: 1971,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 52, 887.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Spitzer, L., Jr.: 1962,Physics of Fully Ionized Gases, Interscience Publishers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Fiala, V. and Storey, L. R. O.: 1970, in J. O. Thomas and B. J. Landmark (eds.),Plasma Waves in Space and in the Laboratory, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, p. 411.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Cartwright, D. G.: 1972, private communication.

  152. Prakash, S., Gupta, S. P., Subbaraya, B. H., and Jain, C. L.: 1971,Nature Phys. Sci. 233, 56.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., and Green, I. M.: 1970,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 3735.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mozer, F.S. Analyses of techniques for measuring DC and AC electric fields in the magnetosphere. Space Sci Rev 14, 272–313 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02432099

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02432099

Keywords

Navigation