Abstract
A survey of current knowledge about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and their satellites is presented. The best available numerical values are given for physical parameters, including orbital and body properties, atmospheric composition and structure, and photometric parameters. The more acceptable current theories of these bodies are outlined with thorough referencing offering access to the details. The survey attempts to cover the literature through May 1, 1972.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, A. F. OD: 1962,The Planet Saturn, Faber and Faber, London.
Alexander, A. F. OD: 1965,The Planet Uranus, American Elsevier, New York.
Allen, D. A. and Murdock, T. L.: 1971,Icarus 14, 1.
Anderson, R. C., Pipes, J. G., Broadfoot, A. L., and Wallace, L.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 874.
Appleby, J. F. and Irvine, W. M.,: 1971,Astron. J. 76, 617.
Ash, M. E., Shapiro, I. I., and Smith, W. B.: 1971,Science 174, 551.
Aumann, H. H., Gillespie, C. M., Jr. and Low, F. J.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 157, L69.
Avramchuk, V. V.: 1970,Soviet Astron.-AJ 14, 462.
Axel, L.: 1972,Astrophys. J. 173, 451.
Baars, J. W. M., Mezger, P. G., and Wendker, H.: 1965,Z. Astrophys. 61, 134.
Bailey, J. M.: 1971,J. Geophys. Res. 76, 7827.
Balasubrahmanyan, V. K. and Venkatesan, D.: 1970,Astrophys. Letters 6, 123.
Banos, C. J.: 1971,Icarus 15, 58.
Banos, C. J. and Alissandrakis, C. E.: 1971,Astron. Astrophys. 15, 424.
Barcilon, A. and Gierasch, P.: 1970,J. Atmospheric Sci. 27, 550.
Barrow, C. H. and Morrow, D. P.: 1968,Astrophys. J. 152, 593.
Bartholdi, P. and Owen, F.: 1972,Astron. J. 77, 60.
Bash, F. N., Drake, F. D., Gundermann, E., and Heiles, C. E.: 1964,Astrophys. J. 139, 975.
Baum, W. A. and Code, A. D.: 1953,Astron. J. 58, 108.
Beckman, J. E.: 1967,Astrophys. J. 149, 453.
Beer, R. and Taylor, F. W.: 1972, ‘The Abundance of CH3D and the Deuterium-Hydrogen Ratio in Jupiter’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Science, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Beer, R., Farmer, C. B., Norton, R. H., Martonchik, J. V., and Barnes, T. G.: 1972,Science 175, 1360.
Belton, M. J. S., McElroy, M. B., and Price, M. J.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 164, 191.
Berge, G. L.: 1965,Astrophys. J. 142, 1688.
Berge, G. L.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 146, 767.
Berge, G. L.: 1968,Astrophys. Letters 2, 127.
Berge, G. L.: 1970, ‘The Position of Jupiter's Radio Emission Centroid at 21 cm Wavelength’, paper presented to XIV General Assembly of IAU, Brighton, England.
Berge, G. L.: 1972, in A. J. Beck (ed.), ‘Some Recent Observations and Interpretations of the Jupiter Decimeter Emission’,Proc. of the Jupiter Radiation Belt Workshop, Tech. Mem. 33-543, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., U.S.A., p. 223.
Berge, G. L. and Read, R. B.: 1968,Astrophys. J. 152, 755.
Bergstralh, J. T.: 1971,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 3, 282.
Bibinova, V. P., Kuzmin, A. D., Salomonovich, A. E., and Shavlovskii, I. V.: 1963,Soviet Astron.-AJ 6, 840.
Bigg, E. K.: 1964,Nature 203, 1008.
Binder, A. B.: 1972,Astron. J. 77, 93.
Binder, A. B. and Cruikshank, D. P.: 1964,Icarus 3, 299.
Binder, A. B. and McCarthy, D. W., Jr.: 1972,Astrophys. J. 171, LI.
Birnbaum, A. and Poll, J. D.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 943.
Bishop, E. V. and De Marcus, W. C.: 1970,Icarus 12, 317.
Blanco, C. and Catalano, S.: 1971,Astron. Astrophys. 14, 43.
Bobrov, M. S.: 1963,Soviet Astron.-AJ,6, 525.
Bobrov, M. S.: 1970, in A. Dollfuss (ed.),Surface and Interiors of Planets and Satellites, Academic Press, New York, Chapter 7.
Branson, N. J. B. A.: 1968,Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 139, 155.
Braun, L. D. and Yen, J. L.: 1968,Astron. J. 73, S168.
Brice, N. M. and Ioannidis, G. A.: 1970,Icarus 13, 173.
Brouwer, D. and Clemence, G. M.: 1961, in G. P. Kuiper and B. M. Middlehurst (eds.),The Solar System Vol. III:Planets and Satellites, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 31.
Burns, J. A.: 1967,Science 159, 971.
Camichel, H.: 1953,Ann. Astrophys. 16, 41.
Carr, T. D.: 1971,Astrophys. Letters 7, 157.
Carr, T. D. and Gulkis, S.: 1969,Ann Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 7, 577.
Carr, T. D., Brown, G. W., Smith, A. G., Higgins, C. S., Bollhagen, H., May, J. and Levy, J.: 1964,Astrophys. J. 140, 778.
Carr, T. D., Smith, A. G., Donivan, F. F., and Register, H. I.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 495.
Chadha, M. S., Flores, J. J., Lawless, J. G., and Ponnamperuma, C.: 1971,Icarus 15, 39.
Chapman, C. R.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 986.
Code, A. D.: 1960, in M. J. L. Greenstein (ed.),Stellar Atmospheres, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 50.
Cohen, C. J. and Hubbard, E. C.: 1965,Astron. J. 70, 10.
Colombo, G. and Franklin, F.: 1969,Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 40, 205.
Colombo, G., Franklin, F. A., and Mumford, C. M.: 1968,Astron J. 73, 111.
Combes, B., Lecacheux, J., and Vapillon, L.: 1971,Astron. Astrophys. 15, 235.
Conseil, L., Leblanc, Y., Antonini, and Quemoda, D.: 1971,Astrophys. Letters 8, 133.
Cook, A. F. and Franklin, F. A.: 1958,Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys. 2, 377.
Cook, A. F. and Franklin, F. A.: 1964,Astron. J. 69, 173.
Cook, A. F. and Franklin F. A.: 1966,Astron. J. 71, 10.
Cook, A. F. and Franklin, F. A.: 1970a,Astron. J. 75, 195.
Cook, A. F. and Franklin, F. A.: 1970b,Icarus 13, 282.
Cook, J. J., Cross, L. G., Bair, M. E., and Arnold, C. B.: 1960,Nature 188, 393.
Critchfield, C. L.: 1942,Astrophys. J. 96, 1.
Cruikshank, D. P.: 1971,Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 3, 282.
Cruikshank, D. P. and Binder, A. B.: 1969,Astrophys. Space Sci. 3, 347.
Danielson, R. E.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 143, 949.
Danielson, R. E. and Tomasko, M. G.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 889.
Davies, R. D. and Williams, D.: 1966,Planetary Space Sci. 14, 15.
Davies, R. D., Beard, M., and Cooper, B. F. C.: 1964,Phys. Rev. Letters 13, 325.
De Marcus, W. C.: 1958,Astron. J. 63, 2.
Dickel, J. R.: 1967,Astrophys. J. 148, 535.
Dickel, J. R., Degioanni, J. J., and Goodman, G. C.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 517.
Divine, N.: 1971, ‘The Planet Jupiter (1970)’, NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria (Environment), NASA SP-8069, Dec.
Dollfus, A.: 1961, in G. P. Kuiper and B. M. Middlehurst (eds.),The Solar System, Vol. III:Planets and Satellites, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 534.
Dollfus, A.: 1963,Icarus 2, 109.
Dollfus, A.: 1967, IAU Circular No. 1995, Feb. 1.
Dollfus, A.: 1970a, in A. Dollfuss (ed.).Surfaces and Interiors of Planets and Satellites, Academic Press, New York, p. 50.
Dollfus, A.: 1970b,Icarus 12, 101.
Douglas, J. N. and Smith, H. C.: 1967,Astrophys. J. 148, 885.
Drake, F. D.: 1962,Nature 195, 893.
Dulk, G. A.: 1967,Astrophys. J. 148, 239.
Dulk, G. A.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 159, 671.
Dulk, G. A. and Clark, T. A.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 145, 945.
Dulk, G. A., Eddy, J. A., and Emerson, J. P.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 159, 1123.
Duncan, R. A.: 1971,Planetary Space Sci. 19, 391.
Dunham, D.: 1971,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 3, 415.
Dunham, T., Jr.: 1952, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.),The Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 288.
Efanov, V. A., Moiseev, I. G., Kislyakov, A. G., and Naumov, A. I.: 1971,Icarus 14, 198.
Ellis, G. R. A.: 1965,Radio Sci. 69 D, 1513.
Encrenaz, Th.: 1972,Astron. Astrophys,16, 237.
Encrenaz, Th., Gautier, D., Vapillon, L., and Verdet, J. P.: 1971,Astron. Astrophys. 11, 431.
Epstein, E. E.: 1968,Astrophys. J. 151, L149.
Epstein, E. E., Dworetsky, M. M., Montgomery, J. W., Fogarty, W. G., and Schorn, R. A.: 1970,Icarus 13, 276.
Fallon, F. W. and Murphy, R. E.: 1971,Icarus 15, 492.
Farmer, C. B.: 1969,J. Atmosperic Sci. 26, 860.
Feibelman, W. A.: 1967,Nature 214, 793.
Field, G. B.: 1966, in A. Brown, G. J. Stanley, D. O. Muhleman, and G. Münch (eds.), ‘Remarks on Jupiter’,Proc. of the Caltech-JPL Lunar and Planetary Conference, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., U.S.A., p. 141.
Field, G. B., Somerville, W. B., and Dressler, K.: 1966,Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 4, 207.
Fink, U. and Belton, M. J. S.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 952.
Fix, J. D., Neff, J. S., and Kelsey, L. A.: 1970,Astron. J. 75, 895.
Focas, J. H.: 1971,Icarus 15, 56.
Focas, J. H. and Dollfus, A.: 1969,Astron. Astrophys. 2, 251.
Fox, K. and Ozier, L.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 166, L95.
Fox, K., Mantz, A. W., Owen, T., and Rao, K. N.: 1972, ‘A Tentative Identification of C13H4 and an Estimate of C12/C13 in the Atmosphere of Jupiter’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, Mar. 20–24, 1972.
Franklin, F. A. and Colombo, G.: 1970,Icarus 12, 338.
Franklin, F. A. and Cook, A. F.: 1965,Astron. J. 70, 704.
Franklin, F. A. and Cook, II, A. F.: 1969,Icarus 10, 417.
Franklin, F. A., Colombo, G., and Cook, A. F.: 1971,Icarus 15, 80.
Franz, O. G. and Millis, R. L.: 1971,Icarus 14, 13.
Freeman, K. C. and Lynga, G.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 160, 767.
Gehrels, T.: 1969,Icarus 10, 410.
Gehrels, T., Herman, B. M., and Owen, T.: 1969,Astron. J. 74, 190.
Gerard, E.: 1969,Astron. Astrophys. 2, 246.
Gerard, E.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 513.
Gierasch, P. J. and Goody, R. M.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 979.
Gierasch, P. J. and Stone, P. H.: 1968,J. Atmospheric Sci. 25, 1169.
Gierasch, P., Goody, R., and Stone, P.: 1970,Geophys. Fluid Dynamics 1, 1.
Gillett, F. C., Low, F. J., and Stein, W. A.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 157, 925.
Gillett, F. C., Merrill, K. M., and Stein, W. A.: 1970,Astrophys. Letters 6, 247.
Giordmaine, J. A., Alsop, L. E., Townes, C. H., and Mayer, C. H.: 1959,Astron. J. 64, 332.
Giver, L. P. and Spinrad, H.: 1966,Icarus 5, 586.
Gledhill, J. A.: 1967,Nature 214, 155.
Goldreich, P.: 1965,Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 130, 159.
Goldreich, P. and Lynden-Bell, D.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 156, 59.
Golitsyn, G. S.: 1970,Icarus 13, 1.
Goody, R.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 997.
Guerin, P.: 1970,Sky Telesc. 40, 88.
Gulkis, S.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 505.
Gulkis, S. and Carr, T. D.: 1966,Science 154, 257.
Gulkis, S. and Gary, B.: 1971,Astron. J. 76, 12.
Gulkis, S. and Poynter, R.: 1972, ‘Thermal Radio Emission From Jupiter and Saturn’, paper presented at Lunar Science Institute Conference on High Pressure Physics and Planetary Interiors, Houston, Texas, March 1–3, 1972. (Proceedings to be published inPhysics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors).
Gulkis, S., McDonough, T. R., and Craft, H.: 1969,Icarus 10, 421.
Haines, E. L. (ed.): 1971, ‘Selenodesy and Lunar Dynamics’,Lunar Scientific Model, Section 1, Document 900-278, Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, Calif., U.S.A.
Hall, J. S. and Riley, L. A.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 920.
Halliday, I.: 1969,Pub. Astron. Soc. Pacific 81, 285.
Halliday, I., Hardie, R. H., Franz, O. G., and Priser, J. B.: 1966,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 78, 113.
Hansen, O. L.: 1972, ‘Infrared Observations of the Galilean Satellites’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24, 1972.
Hardie, R.: 1965,Astron. J. 70, 140.
Harris, D. L.: 1961, in G. P. Kuiper and B. M. Middlehurst (eds.),The Solar System, Vol. III:Planets and Satellites, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 272.
Harrison, H. and Schoen, R. I.: 1967,Science 157, 1175.
Herget, P.: 1968a,Astron. J. 73, 737.
Herget, P.: 1968b, ‘Ephemerides of Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann I and the Outer Satellites of Jupiter With Text’, Publ. of the Cincinnati Observatory No. 23, Cincinnati.
Herzberg, G.: 1952, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.),The Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets, rev. ed., Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 406.
Hess, S. L.: 1953,Astrophys. J. 118, 151.
Hess, S. L.: 1969,Icarus 11, 218.
Hide, R.: 1961,Nature 190, 895.
Hide, R.: 1963,Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, Series 5,7, 481.
Hide, R.: 1967, in W. R. Hindmarsh, F. J. Lowes, P. H. Roberts, and S. K. Rumcorn (eds.),Magnetism and the Cosmos, American Elsevier, New York, p. 378.
Hide, R.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 841.
Hide, R.: 1971a,Meteorol. Mag. 100, 268.
Hide, R.: 1971b,J. Fluid Mech. 49, 745.
Hide, R. and Ibbetson, A.: 1966,Icarus 5, 279.
Hobbs, R. W. and Knapp, S. L.: 1971,Icarus 14, 204.
Hogan, J. S., Rasool, S. L., and Encrenaz, Th.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 898.
Hopkins, N. B. and Irvine, W. M.: 1971, in C. Sagan, T. C. Owen, and H. J. Smith (eds.), ‘Planetary Atmospheres’,IAU Symp. 40, 349.
Hubbard, W. B.: 1968,Astrophys. J. 152, 745.
Hubbard, W. B.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 155, 333.
Hubbard, W. B.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 162, 687.
Hubbard, W. B. and Van Flandern, T. C.: 1972,Astron. J. 77, 65.
Hubbard, W. B., Nather, R. E., Evans, D. S., Tull, R. G., Wells, D. C., van Citters, G. W., Warner, B., and Vanden Bout, P.: 1972,Astron. J. 77, 41.
Hughes, M. P.: 1966,Planetary Space Sci. 14, 1017.
Hunt, G. E.: 1972a,J. Q. Spectr. Radiative Transfer 12, 387.
Hunt, G. E.: 1972b, ‘Spectroscopic Evidence for the Structure of the Visible Jovian Clouds From Observations of Methane and Hydrogen Quadrupole Lines’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Hunten, D. M.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 826.
Ingersoll, A. P.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 744.
Ingersoll, A. P. and Cuzzi, J. N.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 981.
International Astronomical Union: 1962,IAU Information Bull. No. 8.
Irvine, W. M. and Lane, A. P.: 1971,Icarus 15, 18.
Irvine, W. M., Simon, T., Menzel, D. H., Charon, J., Leconte, G., Griboval, P., and Young, A. T.: 1968a,Astron. J. 73, 251.
Irvine, W. M., Simon, T., Menzel, D. H., Pikoos, C., and Young, A. T.: 1968b,Astron. J. 73, 807.
James, T. C.: 1969,J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59, 1602.
Jenkins, E. B.: 1969,Icarus 10, 379.
Johnson, H. L.: 1966,Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 4, 193.
Johnson, H. L.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 159, L1.
Johnson, T. V.: 1971,Icarus 14, 94.
Johnson, T. V. and McCord, T. B.: 1970,Icarus 13, 37.
Johnson, T. V. and McCord, T. B.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 169, 589.
Kalaghan, P. M. and Wulfsberg, K. N.: 1967, ‘Radiometric Observations of the Planets Jupiter, Venus, and Mars at a Wavelength of 8.6 Millimeters’, AFCRL-67-0409. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory, Bedford, Mass., July.
Kellermann, K. I.: 1966,Icarus 5, 478.
Kellermann, K. I.: 1970,Radio Sci. 5, 487.
Kellermann, K. I. and Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 145, 954.
Kellermann, K. I., Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K., and Williams, P. J. S.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 157, 1.
Kemp, J. C., Swedlund, J. B., Murphy, R. E., and Wolstencroft, R. D.: 1971a,Nature 231, 169.
Kemp, J. C. and Wolstencroft, R. D.: 1971,Nature 231, 170.
Kemp, J. C., Wolstencroft, R. D., and Swedlund, J. B.: 1971,Nature 232, 165.
Kiess, C. C., Corliss, C. H., and Kiess, H. K.: 1960,Astrophys. J. 132, 221.
Kiladze, R. I.: 1968, ‘Observations of the Saturn Rings in the Period of the Earth's Passage Through Their Plane in 1966’,Abstracts, Kiev Int. Symp. Lunar Planet Phys. Kiev, October 15–22, 1968.
Kislyakov, A. G. and Lebskii, Yu. V.: 1968,Soviet Astron. AJ 11, 561.
Klein, M. J. and Gulkis, S.: 1971,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 3, 276.
Klein, M. J. and Seling, T. V.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 146, 599.
Klein, M. J., Gulkis, S., and Stelzreid, C.: 1971,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 3, 475.
Klepczynski, W. J., Seidelmann, P. K., and Duncombe, R. L.: 1971,Celest. Mech. 4, 253.
Komesaroff, M. M. and McCulloch, P. M.: 1971,Astrophys. Letters 1, 39.
Komesaroff, M. J., Morris, D., and Roberts, J. A.: 1970,Astrophys. Letters 7, 31.
Kondo, Y.: 1971,Icarus 14, 269.
Kovalevsky, J.: 1970, in A. Dollfus (ed.),Surfaces and Interiors of Planetsand Satellites, Academic Press, New York, p. 1.
Kovalevsky, J.: 1971,Celest. Mech. 4, 213.
Kovalevsky, J. and Link, F.: 1969,Astron. Astrophys. 2, 398.
Krauss, J. D.: 1958,Proc. IRE 46, 266.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1944,Astrophys. J. 100, 378.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1949,Astrophys. J. 110, 93.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1950,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 62, 133.
Kuiper, G. P. (ed.): 1952,The Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets, rev. ed., Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 306.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1956, in A. Beer (ed.),Vistas in Astronomy, Vol. II, Pergamon, New York, p. 1631.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1957a,Trans. IAU IX, 1955, Cambridge Univ. Press, London, p. 256.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1957b,Astrophys. J. 125, 287.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1961, in G. P. Kuiper and B. M. Middlehurst (eds.),The Solar System, Vol. III:Planets and Satellites, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., p. 575.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1972a,Sky Telesc. 43, 4.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1972b,Sky Telesc. 43, 75.
Kuiper, G. P., Cruikshank, D. P., and Fink, U.: 1970,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 2, 235.
Kuzmin, A. D. and Losovsky, B. Ya.: 1971a,Solar System Res. (trans. ofAstron. Vestnik)5, 78.
Kuzmin, A. D. and Losovsky, B. Ya.: 1971b,Icarus 14, 196.
Law, S. E. and Staelin, D. H.: 1968,Astrophys. J. 154, 1077.
Layton, R. G.: 1971,Icarus 15, 480.
Lebofsky, L. A., Johnson, T. V., and McCord, T. B.: 1970,Icarus 13, 226.
Lewis, J. S.: 1969a,Icarus 10, 365.
Lewis, J. S.: 1969b,Icarus 10, 393.
Lewis, J. S.: 1971,Icarus 15, 174.
Lewis, J. S. and Prinn, R. G.: 1970,Science 169, 472.
Lieske, J. H., Melbourne, W. G., O'Handley, D. A., Holdridge, D. B., Johnson, D. E., and Sinclair, W. S.: 1971,Celest. Mech. 4, 233.
Low, F. J.: 1964,Astron. J. 69, 550.
Low, F. J.: 1965,Lowell Observ. Bull. 6, 184.
Low, F. J.: 1966a,Astrophys. J. 146, 326.
Low, F. J.: 1966b,Astron. J. 71, 391.
Low, F. J. and Davidson, A. W.: 1965,Astrophys. J. 142, 1278.
Low, F. J. and Davidson, A. W.: 1969,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 1, 200.
Lumme, K.: 1970,Astrophys. Space Sci. 8, 90.
Lyot, B.: 1953,Astronomie 67, 3.
Lyttleton, R. A.: 1936,Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 97, 108.
Margolis, J. S.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 167, 553.
Margolis, J. S. and Fox, K.: 1968,J. Chem. Phys. 49, 2451.
Margolis, J. S. and Fox, K.: 1969a,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 862.
Margolis, J. S. and Fox, K.: 1969b,Astrophys. J. 157, 935.
Margolis, J. S. and Hunt, G. E.: 1972, ‘On the Level of H2 Quadrupole Absorption in the Jovian Atmosphere’,Icarus (in press).
Marshall, L., and Libby, W. F.: 1967,Nature 214, 126.
Mason, H. P.: 1970,Astrophys. Space Sci. 7, 424.
Mayer, C. H. and McCullough, T. P.: 1971,Icarus 14, 187.
Mayer, C. H., McCullough, T. P., and Sloanaker, R. M.: 1958,Astrophys. J. 127, 11.
McAdam, W. B.: 1969,Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia 1, 199.
McBride, J. D. P. and Nicholls, R. W.: 1972a,J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys. 5, 408.
McBride, J. D. P., and Nicholls, R. W.: 1972b,Can. J. Phys. 50, 93.
McCord, T. B.: 1966,Astron. J. 71, 585.
McCord, T. B., Johnson, T. V., and Elias, J. H.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 165, 413.
McElroy, M. B.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 798.
McGovern, W. E.: 1968,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 6361.
McGovern, W. E. and Burk, S. D.: 1972,J. Atmospheric Sci. 29, 179.
McNesby, J. R.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 594.
Melbourne, W. G., Mulholland, J. G., Sjogren, W. L., and Sturms, F. M., Jr.: 1968, ‘Constants and Related Information for Astrodynamic Calculations’, TR 32-1306. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Mertz, L., and Coleman, I.: 1966,Astron. J. 71, 747.
Moore, J. H.: 1939,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 51, 274.
Moore, J. H. and Menzel, D. H.: 1928,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 40, 234.
Moore, J. H. and Menzel, D. H.: 1930,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 42, 330.
Moos, H. W. and Rottman, G. J.: 1972, ‘The Far Ultraviolet Emission Spectrum of Jupiter’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March. 20–24.
Moos, H. W., Fastie, W. G., and Bottema, M.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 155, 887.
Moroz, V. I.: 1966,Soviet Astron.-AJ 9, 999.
Moroz, V. I. and Cruikshank, D. P.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 865.
Morrison, D., Cruikshank, D. P., and Murphy, R. E.: 1972,Astrophys. J. 173, L143.
Morrison, D., Cruikshank, D. P., Murphy, R. E., Martin, T. Z., Beery, J. G., and Shipley, J. P.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 167, L107.
Münch, G. and Spinrad, H.: 1963,Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège Series 5,7, 541.
Münch, G. and Younkin, R. L.: 1964,Astron. J. 69, 553.
Murphy, R. E., Cruikshank, D. P., and Morrison, D.: 1972a, ‘Limb Darkening of Saturn and Thermal Properties of the Rings From 10 and 20 Micron Radiometry’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Murphy, R. E., Cruikshank, D. P., and Morrison, D.: 1972b, ‘Albedos, Radii, and Temperatures of Iapetus and Rhea’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Murray, B. C., Wildey, R. L., and Westphal, J. A.: 1964,Astrophys. J. 139, 986.
Nautical Almanac Office: 1961, ‘Explanatory Supplement to the Ephemeris’, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London.
Newburn, R. L., Jr., McDonald, W. S., Gasteiger, R. L., and Eisenman, A. R.: 1970,Astronaut. Aeronaut. 8, 39.
Ney, E. P. and Maas, R.: 1969,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 1, 202.
Oke, J. B.: 1965,Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 3, 23.
O'Leary, B. and Veverka, J.: 1971,Icarus 14, 265.
Öpik, E. J.: 1962,Icarus 1, 200.
Owen, T.: 1965a,Science 149, 974.
Owen, T.: 1965b,Astrophys. J. 142, 782.
Owen, T.: 1965c,Astrophys. J. 141, 444.
Owen, T.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 146, 611.
Owen, T.: 1967a,Icarus 6, 108.
Owen, T.: 1967b,Icarus 6, 138.
Owen, T.: 1969,Icarus 10, 355.
Owen, T. and Mason, H. P.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 870.
Palluconi, F. D.: 1972, ‘The Planet Saturn (1970)’, NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria (Environment), NASA SP-8091.
Parkin, D. W. and Tilles, D.: 1968,Science 159, 936.
Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. and Kellermann, K. I.: 1970,Astrophys. Letters 6, 185.
Peebles, P. J. E.: 1964,Astrophys. J. 140, 328.
Peek, B. M.: 1958,The Planet Jupiter, Faber and Faber, London.
Pilcher, C. B., Chapman, C. R., Lebofsky, L. A., and Kieffer, H. H.: 1970,Science 167, 1372.
Pilcher, C. B. and McCord, T. B.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 165, 195.
Poll, J. D.: 1971, in C. Sagan, T. C. Owen and H. J. Smith (eds.), ‘Planetary Atmospheres’,IAU Symp. 40, 384.
Porter, J. G.: 1960,Brit. Astron. Assoc. J. 70, 33.
Porter, W. S.: 1961,Astron. J. 66, 243.
Prasad, S. S. and Capone, L. A.: 1971,Icarus 15, 45.
Prinn, R. G.: 1970,Icarus 13, 424.
Prinn, R. G. and Lewis, J. S.: 1972, ‘The Atmosphere of Uranus’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. of Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Prinz, R.: 1971a,Icarus 15, 68.
Prinz, R.: 1971b,Icarus 15, 74.
Rabe, E.: 1957a,Astrophys. J. 125, 290.
Rabe, E.: 1957b,Astrophys. J. 126, 240.
Ramsey, W. H.: 1967,Planetary Space Sci. 15, 1609.
Reese, E. J.: 1970,Icarus 12, 249.
Reese, E. J.: 1971a, ‘Summary of Jovian Latitude and Rotation-Period Observations From 1898 to 1970’, Dept. of Astronomy Rpt. TN-71-36, N. Mex. State Univ., Las Cruces.
Reese, E. J.: 1971b,Icarus 14, 343.
Reese, E. J.: 1971c,Icarus 15, 466.
Reese, E. J. and Smith, B. A.: 1968,Icarus 9, 474.
Reese, E. J. and Solberg, H. G., Jr.: 1965, ‘Recent Measures of the Latitude and Longitude of Jupiter's Red Spot’, TN-557-65-7. New Mexico State Univ.
Register, H. I.: 1968, ‘Decameter-Wavelength Radio Observations of the Planet Jupiter, 1957–1968’, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Florida, Gainsville.
Reynolds, R. T. and Summers, A. L.: 1965,J. Geophys. Res. 70, 199.
Roberts, J. A.: 1965,Radio Sci. 69D, 1543.
Roberts, J. A. and Ekers, R. D.: 1966,Icarus 5, 149.
Roberts, J. A. and Komesaroff, M. M.: 1965,Icarus 4, 127.
Rose, W. K., Bologna, J. M., and Sloanaker, R. M.: 1963,Phys. Rev. Letters. 10, 123.
Russell, H. M., Dugan, R. S., and Stewart, J. Q.: 1945,Astronomy, Vol. 1, rev. ed., Ginn and Co., Boston, Mass.
Sagan, C.: 1963,Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci, Liège Series 5,7, 506.
Sagan, C.: 1971,Comments Astrophys. Space Phys. 3, 65.
Sagan, C. and Khare, B. N.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 168, 563.
Salomonovich, A. E.: 1965,J. Res. NBS 69D, 1576.
Seaquist, E. R.: 1969,Nature 224, 1011.
Seidelmann, P. K., Klepczynski, W. J., Duncombe, R. L., and Jackson, E. S.: 1971,Astron. J. 76, 488.
Sekiguchi, N.: 1968,Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 20, 193.
Seling, T. V.: 1970,Astron. J. 75, 67.
Sherrill, W. M.: 1965,Astrophys. J. 142, 1171.
Shimizu, M.: 1971,Icarus 14, 273.
Sinton, W. M.: 1964, ‘Physical Researches on the Brighter Planets, Final Report’, AFCRL-64-926. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory, Bedford, Mass.
Sky and Telescope: 1967, ‘A Tenth Satellite of Saturn?’33, 71.
Smoluchowski, R.: 1967,Nature 215, 691.
Smoluchowski, R.: 1970a,Phys. Rev. Letters 25, 693.
Smoluchowski, R.: 1970b,Science 168, 1340.
Smoluchowski, R.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 166, 435.
Solberg, H. G., Jr.: 1968a,Icarus 8, 82.
Solberg, H. G., Jr.: 1968b,Icarus 9, 212.
Solberg, H. G., Jr.: 1969a,Icarus 10, 412.
Solberg, H. G., Jr.: 1969b,Planetary Space Sci. 17, 1573.
Spinrad, H.: 1962,Astrophys. J. 136, 311.
Spinrad, H.: 1963,Astrophys. J. 138, 1242.
Spinrad, H.: 1964,Appl. Opt. 3, 181.
Spinrad, H.: 1969,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 81, 895.
Spinrad, H. and Giver, L. P.: 1966,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 78, 175.
Spinrad, H. and Trafton, L. M.: 1963,Icarus 2, 19.
Squires, P.: 1957,Astrophys. J. 126, 185.
Steavenson, W. H.: 1948,Mon. Nat. Roy. Astron. Soc. 108, 183.
Steavenson, W. H.: 1950,British Astron. Assoc. J. 74, 54.
Stone, P. H.: 1967,J. Atmospheric Sci. 24, 642.
Stone, P. H.: 1971,Geophys. Fluid Dynamics 2, 147.
Stone, P. H. and Baker, D. H., Jr.: 1968,Q. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 94, 576.
Stone, P. H., Hess, S., Hadlock, R., and Ray, P.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 991.
Streett, W. B., Ringermacher, H. L., and Veronis, G.: 1971,Icarus 14, 319.
Strobel, D. F.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 906.
Taylor, D. J.: 1965,Icarus 4, 362.
Taylor, F. W. and Hunt, G. E.: 1972, ‘The Infrared Spectrum of Jupiter and Radiative Properties of the Clouds’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Teifel, V. G.: 1966,Soviet Astron. — AJ 10, 121.
Teifel, V. G.: 1969,J. Atmospheric Sci. 26, 854.
Texereau, J.: 1967,Sky Telesc. 33, 226.
Tolbert, C. W.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 71, 30.
Tombaugh, C. W.: 1961, in G. P. Kuiper and B. M. Middlehurst (eds.),The Solar System, Vol. III:Planets and Satellites, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 12.
Trafton, L. M.: 1967,Astrophys. J. 147, 765.
Trafton, L. M.: 1971a,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 3, 282.
Trafton, L.: 1971b,Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 3, 282.
Trafton, L.: 1971c,Icarus 15, 27.
Trafton, L.: 1972a, ‘Quadrupole H2 Absorption in the Spectra of Jupiter and Saturn’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Trafton, L.: 1972b, ‘Newly Discovered Absorptions in Titan's Infrared Spectrum’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Trafton, L.: 1972c,Astrophys. J. 172, L117.
Veverka, J.: 1971,Icarus 14, 355.
Veverka, J.: 1972, ‘Titan: Polarimetric Evidence for an Optically Thick Atmosphere’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Walker, M. F. and Hardie, R.: 1955,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 67, 224.
Walker, R. G.: 1966, ‘Infrared Photometry of Stars and Planets’, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Wallace, L., Caldwell, J. J., and Savage, B. D.: 1972,Astrophys. J. 172, 755.
Warwick, J. W.: 1963,Astrophys. J. 137, 1317.
Warwick, J. W.: 1964,Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2, 1.
Warwick, J. W.: 1967,Space Sci. Rev. 6, 841.
Warwick, J. W.: 1970, ‘Particles and Fields Near Jupiter’, NASA Report No. CR-1685.
Warwick, J. W. and Dulk, G. A.: 1964,Science 145, 380.
Watson, K., Murray, B. C., and Brown, H.: 1963,Icarus 1, 317.
Weber, R. R. and Stone, R. G.: 1970,Nature 227, 591.
Welch, W. J. and Thorton, D. D.: 1965,Astron. J. 70, 149.
Welch, W. J., Thornton, D. D., and Lohman, R.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 146, 799.
Westphal, J. A.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 157, L63.
Westphal, J. A.: 1971, ‘Observations of Jupiter's Cloud Structure Near 8.5μ,’ C. Sagan, T. C. Owen, and H. J. Smith (eds.), ‘Planetary Atmospheres’,IAU Symp. 40, 359.
Westphal, J. A.: 1972, ‘Observations of Isolated Five Micron Sources on Jupiter’, Third Annual Meeting, AAS Div. for Planetary Sciences, Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24.
Whiteoak, J. B., Gardner, F. F., and Morris, D.: 1969,Astrophys. Letters 3, 81.
Wildey, R. L.: 1965,Science 147, 1035.
Wildey, R. L., Murray, B. C., and Westphal, J. A.: 1965,J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3711.
Williams, J. G. and Benson, G. S.: 1971,Astron. J. 76, 167.
Woeller, F. and Ponnamperuma, C.: 1969,Icarus 10, 386.
Wrixon, G. T. and Welch, W. J.: 1970,Icarus 13, 163.
Wrixon, G. T., Welch, W. J., and Thornton, D. D.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 169, 171.
Yabushita, S.: 1966,Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 133, 247.
Yerbury, M. J., Condon, J. J., and Jauncey, D. L.: 1971,Icarus 15, 459.
Young, A. T. and Irvine, W. M.: 1967,Astron. J. 72, 945.
Younkin, R. L.: 1970, ‘Spectrophotometry of the Moon, Mars, and Uranus’, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California at Los Angeles.
Younkin, R. L. and Munch, G.: 1967,Astron. J. 72, 328.
Zabriskie, F. R., Solomon, W. A., and Hagan, J. P.: 1965,Astron. J. 70, 151.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Prepared Under Contract No. NAS7-100 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Newburn, R.L., Gulkis, S. A survey of the outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and their satellites. Space Sci Rev 14, 179–271 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02432098
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02432098