Abstract
We present the results of a comparative study on the static deformation of a pallet, made from oil-palm fiberreinforced composite material, using the phase-shift shadow moiré method and finite-element analysis (FEA). The pallet was designed and analyzed using a commerical software package. The effect of various joint types on the deformation profile was studied to obtain a simplified model to represent the actual design. A one-fifth scale model of the pallet was fabricated and the deformation due to static loading was measured using the phase-shift shadow moiré method. The comparison between the measurement and FEA results on the deformed profile showed a maximum difference of 13.7% at the center of the some of the deck boards, but a smaller difference at other deck boards. The FEA results also produced a larger deformation gradient compared to the measurements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Loferski, J.R. andStern, E.G., “Understanding Impact Testing of Pallet Nails and Staples,”Journal of Testing and Evaluation,19 (5),379–384) (1991).
Connolly, S.M. andLee, A.W.C., “Effect of Loading and Vibration on Bending Properties of Pallet Deckboards,”Forest Products Journal,52 9),63–65 (2002).
Glenn, J., “Pallet Scraps Yield Mulch and Compost,”BioCycle (39 (3),30–31 (1998).
Yu, S., Weiwei, W., Xiaohua, Z., andJianli, S., “Application of Virtual Test Technology on the Design of Plastic Palttet,”Proceedings of the International Symposium on Test and Measurement, Shanghai, China, Vol 2, 923–926 (2001).
Stark, N.M., “Wood Fiber Derived from Scrap Pallets Used in Polypropylene Composites,”Forest Products Journal,49 (6),39–46 (1999).
Lim, J.H., Ratnam, M.M., andAbdul Khalil, H.P.S., “An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of the Statis Deformation of Natural Fiberreinforced Composite Beam,”Journal of Polymer Testing,22, (2),169–177 (2003).
Kafri, O. andGlatt, I., The Physics of Moiré Metrology, Wiley, New York (1989).
Creath, K. andSchmit, L., “N-point spatial phase-measurement techniques for non-destructive testing,”Optics and Lasers in Engineering,24(5–6),365–379 (1996).
Malacara, D., Servin, M., andMalacara, Z., Interferogram Analysis for Optical Testing, Marcel Dekker, New York (1998).
Lie, S.T., Yu, G., andZhao, Z., “Analysis of Mechanical Fastened Composite Joints by Boundary Element Methods,”Composites Part B: Engineering,31,693–705 (2000).
Chang, F.K., Scott, R.A., andSpringer, G.S., “Failure of Composite Laminates Containing Pin-loaded Holes—Method of Solution,”Journal of Composite Materials,18,225–278 (1984).
Eriksson, L.I., Backlund, J. andMoller, P., “Design of Multiple Row Bolted Composite Joints Under General In-plane Loading,”Composites Part B: Engineering 5,1051–1068 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ratnam, M.M., Lim, J.H. & Khalil, H.P.S.A. Study of three-dimensional deformation of a pallet using phase-shiff shadow moiré and finite-element analysis. Experimental Mechanics 45, 9–17 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02428985
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02428985